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      Fehlzeiten-Report 2021 : Betriebliche Prävention stärken – Lehren aus der Pandemie 

      Krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten in der deutschen Wirtschaft im Jahr 2020

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      Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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          Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany

          Abstract Background The current COVID‐19 pandemic comes with multiple psychological stressors due to health‐related, social, economic, and individual consequences and may cause psychological distress. The aim of this study was to screen the population in Germany for negative impact on mental health in the current COVID‐19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Methods A total of 6,509 people took part in an online survey in Germany from 27 March to 6 April. The questionnaire included demographic information and ascertained psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk and protective factors. Results In our sample, over 50% expressed suffering from anxiety and psychological distress regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants spent several hours per day thinking about COVID‐19 (M = 4.45). Psychological and social determinants showed stronger associations with anxiety regarding COVID‐19 than experiences with the disease. Conclusions The current COVID‐19 pandemic does cause psychological distress, anxiety, and depression for large proportions of the general population. Strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social contacts, acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, fostering self‐efficacy, and information on where to get medical treatment if needed, seem of help, while substance abuse and suppression of anxiety and negative emotions seem to be associated with more psychological burden.
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            Veränderung der psychischen Belastung in der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Ängste, individuelles Verhalten und die Relevanz von Information sowie Vertrauen in Behörden

            Hintergrund Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit zeigten sich bereits früh. Das Ausmaß der Auswirkungen, insbesondere kumulativ über die lang anhaltende Zeit der Pandemie, ist für Deutschland noch nicht umfassend untersucht worden. Ziel der Arbeit Ziel der Studie war es, psychische Belastungen sowie COVID-19-bezogene Erlebens- und Verhaltensweisen zu erheben und deren Veränderung über die verschiedenen Phasen der Pandemie in Deutschland darzustellen. Material und Methoden In die deutschlandweite onlinebasierte Querschnittsstudie (10.03.–27.07.2020) konnten 22.961 Menschen eingeschlossen werden (Convenience Sample). Erhoben wurden: generalisierte Angst (GAD-7), Depression (PHQ-2), psychischer Distress (DT) sowie COVID-19-bezogene Erlebens- und Verhaltensweisen wie COVID-19-bezogene Angst, Vertrauen in staatliche Maßnahmen, subjektives Informiertheitslevel, adhärentes Sicherheitsverhalten und persönliche Risikoeinschätzung für Ansteckung/Erkrankungsschwere. Die Pandemie wurde retrospektiv in 5 Phasen (Anfangs‑, Krisen‑, Lockdown‑, Neuorientierungsphase und „neue Normalität“) eingeteilt. Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich im Vergleich zu Prä-COVID-19-Referenzwerten anhaltend erhöhte Werte in GAD‑7, PHQ‑2 und DT. COVID-19-bezogene Angst, Informiertheitslevel, Vertrauen, Sicherheitsverhalten und die Einschätzung, an COVID-19 zu erkranken, zeigten, nach initial starkem Anstieg, einen Abfall bis z. T. unter den Ausgangswert. Ausnahme waren konstante Einschätzungen, einen schweren Verlauf von COVID-19 zu haben bzw. daran zu versterben. Diskussion Die durch alle Pandemiephasen anhaltend erhöhten Werte psychischer Belastung verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit nachhaltiger Unterstützungsangebote. Sinkende Werte in Bezug auf Vertrauen in staatliche Maßnahmen und das subjektive Informiertheitslevel unterstreichen das Gebot gezielter Aufklärung. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-021-03278-0) enthalten.
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              The role of extended weekends in sickness absenteeism.

              Employees are thought to lengthen their weekends by voluntary absenteeism, but the magnitude of such potentially reversible behaviour is not known. A follow up study based on employers' registers on the dates of work contracts and absences in 27 541 permanent full time municipal employees in five towns during 1993-7. The absence rate on each weekday separately for all sick leaves and for 1 day sick leaves was determined. 3.4% of the male employees and 5.0% of the female employees were on sick leave daily. The mean rate of sickness absence was lowest on Mondays, after which it increased towards Wednesday, and remained on the same level for the rest of the week. This pattern applied to both sexes, to each year of the follow up, and across towns, age groups, and income groups. For 1 day sick leaves, representing 4.5% of the total sickness absenteeism, the rates of sick leave for Mondays and Fridays were 1.4 and 1.9 times greater than those for other weekdays. However, these excess rates account for less than 1% of all days lost due to sickness absenteeism. Extended weekend absences were more common in men, in young employees, and in those in a low socioeconomic position, and they varied between towns. Extended weekends seem to contribute only marginally to the days lost due to sickness absenteeism.
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                2021
                September 14 2021
                : 441-538
                10.1007/978-3-662-63722-7_27
                5eb87865-4922-4228-a41a-db8dc9e0317b
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