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      Human Motivation and Interpersonal Relationships 

      The Universality of Psychological Autonomy Across Cultures: Arguments from Developmental and Social Psychology

      other
      Springer Netherlands

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          The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.

          Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.
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            Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.

            Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253
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              Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study.

              With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.
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                Author and book information

                Book Chapter
                2014
                January 8 2014
                : 27-51
                10.1007/978-94-017-8542-6_2
                6bab8272-0d1a-4744-aa6e-c17302920890
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