Volume 9 is a comprehensive guide to metallography and its application in product design and manufacturing. It provides detailed information on a wide range of metallographic techniques and how to interpret the microstructure and phase constituents commonly found in metals and alloys used throughout industry. It addresses composition, sample preparation, imaging technology, and analysis. It also explains what metallography and micrographs reveal about metallurgical processes, such as solidification and solid-state transformations, that drive microstructure development and influence material properties. The volume covers cast irons, carbon and low-alloy steels, tool steels, and stainless steels as well as aluminum, titanium, and precious-metal alloys. It also covers ceramics and cemented carbides, and examines special cases such as thermal spray coatings and powder metallurgy alloys. For information on the print version of Volume 9, ISBN 978-0-87170-706-2, follow this link.