India’s “New” Frontier Policies and Foreign Assistance, 1962–1970

Abstract

Chapter 7 elucidates how India created a lean, well-trained military and expanded development aid along the Sino-Indian frontier after its defeat in 1962. Section one demonstrates that India continued to assess frontier military capabilities and that Kalimpong lost significance as an economic hub. India became more assertive toward China by training, with Central Intelligence Agency assistance, a group of Tibetan guerillas (Establishment 22). This section also deals with how India’s military build-up enabled it to defeat China in the 1967 border clash. Section two focuses on the Indian government’s efforts to hamper incursions by the People’s Republic in Burma. The final section traces the evolution of foreign aid to India during the 1960s to protect the country against renewed “Chinese aggression.”