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      Studia Iuridica Miscellanea MMXXI 

      Pravni koncepti v luči nevroznanosti: nevrološka podlaga nerazsodnosti in duševnega zdravja

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      Univerza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založba

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          Abstract

          Predmetni prispevek obravnava nevrološko podlago nerazsodnosti in duševnega zdravja. Ugotovitev, da je posameznik nerazsoden, je pomembna za številna področja civilnega prava. Koncept nerazsodnosti je obravnavan v povezavi z deliktno in poslovno sposobnostjo ter oporočno in ženitno sposobnostjo kot posebni vrsti poslovne sposobnosti. Tudi duševno zdravje je dejstvo, ki se ugotavlja v dokaznem postopku. Od njegovega obstoja je odvisna dopustnost »prisilne hospitalizacije«, ki predstavlja velik poseg v človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine. Ker sta nerazsodnost in duševno zdravje – kot pravna koncepta – izrazito subjektivne narave, njihovo ugotavljanje zahteva zanesljivo objektivizacijo. Avtor zastopa stališče, da uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij lahko poveča zanesljivost ugotavljanja pravno relevantnih subjektivnih dejstev. »Objektivizacijo subjektivnega« omogoča nevroznanost, katere odkritja so že uporabna v dokazne namene. Nadaljnji razvoj bo zmanjšal pomanjkljivosti nevroznanosti, zato se bo zanesljivost nevroznanstvenih odkritij povečala. S tem bodo nevroznanstvena odkritja postala pomemben del objektivizacije subjektivnih dejstev v civilnih postopkih.

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            100 years after the first description, Alzheimer's disease is one of the most disabling and burdensome health conditions worldwide. We used the Delphi consensus method to determine dementia prevalence for each world region. 12 international experts were provided with a systematic review of published studies on dementia and were asked to provide prevalence estimates for every WHO world region, for men and women combined, in 5-year age bands from 60 to 84 years, and for those aged 85 years and older. UN population estimates and projections were used to estimate numbers of people with dementia in 2001, 2020, and 2040. We estimated incidence rates from prevalence, remission, and mortality. Evidence from well-planned, representative epidemiological surveys is scarce in many regions. We estimate that 24.3 million people have dementia today, with 4.6 million new cases of dementia every year (one new case every 7 seconds). The number of people affected will double every 20 years to 81.1 million by 2040. Most people with dementia live in developing countries (60% in 2001, rising to 71% by 2040). Rates of increase are not uniform; numbers in developed countries are forecast to increase by 100% between 2001 and 2040, but by more than 300% in India, China, and their south Asian and western Pacific neighbours. We believe that the detailed estimates in this paper constitute the best currently available basis for policymaking, planning, and allocation of health and welfare resources.
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                Author and book information

                Book Chapter
                January 16 2024
                : 455-494
                10.18690/um.pf.1.2024.15
                85127e24-196e-4a84-8054-2dc669b7010c
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