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Abstract

This introduction provides context for the volume. On balance, the fifteen essays in this volume approach the topic of the uncounted psychological costs of war from an interdisciplinary perspective. While the true magnitude of related costs is yet to be fully realized, the diverse perspectives in each part shed important light on the definition, identification, measurement, and mitigation of unique combat-related mental health conditions. Mitigation of these risks may very well require an interdisciplinary team, including military policymakers, surgeons general of the Armed Forces, public health practitioners, psychologists, philosophers, and Veterans Affairs, to work together in codifying these sub-diagnostic conditions into formally recognized mental health disorders out of necessity, just as they did decades ago with the formal recognition of the sub-diagnostic condition of post-Vietnam syndrome.

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Moral Injury: An Increasingly Recognized and Widespread Syndrome

Harold G. Koenig, Faten Al Zaben (2021)

Moral injury (MI), originally discussed in relationship to transgressing moral beliefs and values during wartime among military personnel, has expanded beyond this context to include similar emotions experienced by healthcare professionals, first responders, and others experiencing moral emotions resulting from actions taken or observations made during traumatic events or circumstances. In this article, we review the history, definition, measurement, prevalence, distinctiveness, psychological consequences, manifestations (in and outside of military settings), and correlates of MI in different settings. We also review secular psychological treatments, spiritually integrated therapies, and pastoral care approaches (specific for clergy and chaplains) used to treat MI and the evidence documenting their efficacy. Finally, we examine directions for future research needed to fill the many gaps in our knowledge about MI, how it develops, and how to help those suffering from it.