Little is known about Frans Hals’s personal beliefs. He rarely painted religious subjects and it is hard to find references to spiritual convictions within the corpus of his painted portraits. We know, however, that the population of Haarlem at that time was divided along complex religious lines. How did Frans Hals navigate this intricate terrain as an artist and as a private person? What role did religion play in the commissions he received in the course of his career? And how did the portraits of Protestant ministers like Swalmius and Revius function in their own households?