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      Capitalism in the Platform Age : Emerging Assemblages of Labour and Welfare in Urban Spaces 

      Latent Conflict, Invisible Organisation: Everyday Struggles in Platform Labour

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          Abstract

           The article looks at everyday practices of platform workers and their micro-conflicts with management or customers, which are often disregarded in platform labour literature. Based on empirical research in Berlin, we describe small-scale forms of opposition, conflict and resistance, which often constitute crucial pre-conditions for larger forms of collective action. The article analyses such practices on the platforms Uber, Deliveroo and Helpling. For each platform, we first analyze individual practices (tricking algorithmic management, circumventing regulation) and in a second step describe the more collective approaches (collective blacklisting, algorithm tinkering) arising from it. The article closes with some conclusions and perspectives that can be drawn from these phenomena.

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          Labour process theory and the gig economy

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            Riders on the Storm: Workplace Solidarity among Gig Economy Couriers in Italy and the UK

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              The Managed Heart : Commercialization of Human Feeling

              In private life, we try to induce or suppress love, envy, and anger through deep acting or "emotion work," just as we manage our outer expressions of feeling through surface acting. In trying to bridge a gap between what we feel and what we "ought" to feel, we take guidance from "feeling rules" about what is owing to others in a given situation. Based on our private mutual understandings of feeling rules, we make a "gift exchange" of acts of emotion management. We bow to each other not simply from the waist, but from the heart.<br><br>But what occurs when emotion work, feeling rules, and the gift of exchange are introduced into the public world of work? In search of the answer, Arlie Russell Hochschild closely examines two groups of public-contact workers: flight attendants and bill collectors. The flight attendant’s job is to deliver a service and create further demand for it, to enhance the status of the customer and be "nicer than natural." The bill collector’s job is to collect on the service, and if necessary, to deflate the status of the customer by being "nastier than natural." Between these extremes, roughly one-third of American men and one-half of American women hold jobs that call for substantial emotional labor. In many of these jobs, they are trained to accept feeling rules and techniques of emotion management that serve the company’s commercial purpose.<br><br>Just as we have seldom recognized or understood emotional labor, we have not appreciated its cost to those who do it for a living. Like a physical laborer who becomes estranged from what he or she makes, an emotional laborer, such as a flight attendant, can become estranged not only from her own expressions of feeling (her smile is not "her" smile), but also from what she actually feels (her managed friendliness). This estrangement, though a valuable defense against stress, is also an important occupational hazard, because it is through our feelings that we are connected with those around us.<br><br>On the basis of this book, Hochschild was featured in Key Sociological Thinkers, edited by Rob Stones. This book was also the winner of the Charles Cooley Award in 1983, awarded by the American Sociological Association and received an honorable mention for the C. Wright Mills Award.
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                Book Chapter
                2024
                February 29 2024
                : 353-371
                10.1007/978-3-031-49147-4_20
                e1d5945a-cfc0-4276-8989-626368233505
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