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      Characterization of the types of the Neotropical Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with a key to species Translated title: Caracterização dos tipos Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) neotropicais, com uma chave de espécies

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          Abstract

          The identity of many Neotropical species of Pseudisobrachium Kieffer, 1904 is currently unreachable, mostly because the available descriptions and illustrations are not sufficiently accurate to allow precise identifications. To help solve the problem, 115 valid species and their junior synonyms were examined. Twelve nomenclatural acts are made, and 110 valid species are recognized for the Neotropical region. Two lectotypes are designated: Pristocera crassicornis Westwood and Pristocera haemorrhoidalis Westwood. Seven new species-group synonyms are proposed: Pseudisobrachium retusum Evans syn. nov. for P. pauxillum Evans; P. cunco Perez syn. nov. for P. erythrocephalum Evans; P. navajo Evans, P. rectangulatum Evans, P. emarginatum Evans and P. foutsi Evans syn. nov. for P. flavinervis Fouts; P. acuminatum Waichert & Azevedo syn. nov. for P. latum Waichert & Azevedo. The following new genus-group synonym is established: Parisobrachium Kieffer syn. nov. for Dissomphalus Ashmead. The following new combination and reinstated name are proposed: Dissomphalus albipes (Kieffer) comb. nov. and nom. rev. from Pseudisobrachium paraguayense Kieffer.

          Translated abstract

          Atualmente é difícil reconhecer a identidade de muitas espécies neotropicais de Pseudisobrachium Kieffer, 1904, principalmente por que as descrições e ilustrações disponíveis não são suficientes para permitir identificações precisas. Para resolver este problema, foram examinadas 115 espécies válidas, além de seus sinônimos juniores. Foram realizados doze atos nomenclaturais, e reconhecidas 110 espécies válidas para a região Neotropical. Foram designados dois lectótipos: Pristocera crassicornis Westwood and Pristocera haemorrhoidalis Westwood. Foram propostas sete sinonímias novas para espécies: Pseudisobrachium retusum Evans syn. nov. de P. pauxillum Evans; P. cunco Perez syn. nov. de P. erythrocephalum Evans; P. navajo Evans, P. rectangulatum Evans, P. emarginatum Evans e P. foutsi Evans syn. nov. de P. flavinervis Fouts; P. acuminatum Waichert & Azevedo syn. nov. de P. latum Waichert & Azevedo. Foi proposta a seguinte sinonímia nova para gênero: Parisobrachium Kieffer syn. nov. de Dissomphalus Ashmead. Foi estabelecida a seguinte combinação nova e revalidado o nome: Dissomphalus albipes (Kieffer) comb. nov. e nom. rev. de Pseudisobrachium paraguayense Kieffer.

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          A synopsis of the American Bethylidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)

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            A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae

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              Laparoscopic bowel injuries: forty litigated gynaecological cases in Canada.

              To review the clinical circumstances and the clinical and legal outcomes of 40 laparoscopic bowel injuries that were litigated in Canada. Retrospective review of 40 litigated cases of laparoscopic bowel injury, from 1990 to the end of 1998, provided by the Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA). The laparoscopy was performed for diagnosis (n = 13), tubal occlusion (n = 15), and as an operative therapeutic procedure (n = 12). Injuries were related to the initial peritoneal entry in 22 (55%) women (19 during the closed technique and 3 with the open technique). Of these, the injury was due to the primary trocar (n = 17), scalpel (n = 1), Veress needle (n = 1), Veress needle or undetermined (n = 2), and fascial suture (n = 1). The small bowel was injured in 9 of 11 entries by the trocar during diagnostic laparoscopy and in 6 of 14 tubal occlusions. Five injuries in the tubal occlusion group were attributed to "cautery." The injury was recognized intra-operatively in 55% of cases. The clinical outcome was uncomplicated in 85% of patients. There was no difference in clinical outcome between small versus large bowel injuries and between intra-operative versus post-operative diagnosis of the injury. The litigation outcome was favourable to the physician in 75% of cases. Recognition was delayed in 45% of cases and this was associated with 67% of the litigation outcomes unfavourable to physicians. (1) The initial laparoscopic entry into the peritoneal cavity remains the major contributor to bowel injury in laparoscopic surgery. (2) The open (Hasson) technique does not prevent bowel injuries. (3) Delayed recognition was a major factor in assessment of liability.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbzool
                Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
                Rev. Bras. Zool.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia (Curitiba )
                0101-8175
                December 2008
                : 25
                : 4
                : 737-801
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                Article
                S0101-81752008000400020
                10.1590/S0101-81752008000400020
                06f8a6e0-ac40-4e3f-89e2-3743b31bcaa6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-8175&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Dissomphalus,Parisobrachium,taxonomy,systematics,taxonomia,sistemática
                Animal science & Zoology
                Dissomphalus, Parisobrachium, taxonomy, systematics, taxonomia, sistemática

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