What data counts in policymaking and programming evaluation – Relevant data sources for triangulation according to main epistemologies and philosophies within social science

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The use of triangulation in qualitative research.

Nancy Carter, Denise Bryant-Lukosius, Alba DiCenso … (2014)

Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton, 1999). Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: (a) method triangulation, (b) investigator triangulation, (c) theory triangulation, and (d) data source triangulation. The current article will present the four types of triangulation followed by a discussion of the use of focus groups (FGs) and in-depth individual (IDI) interviews as an example of data source triangulation in qualitative inquiry.

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Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come

Timothy Johnson, A J Onwuegbuzie (2004)

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Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action

Todd D. Jick (1979)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jessi Hanson-DeFusco: (View ORCID Profile)

Journal

Title: Evaluation and Program Planning

Abbreviated Title: Evaluation and Program Planning

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Print): 01497189

Publication date Created: April 2023

Publication date (Print): April 2023

Volume: 97

Page: 102238

Article

DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102238

PubMed ID: 36680973

SO-VID: 1270657b-3019-4eec-87aa-160af6337324

License:

https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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