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      ‘We need to talk about Bona’: An autoethnographic account of fostering an unaccompanied asylum seeker

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          Abstract

          This article offers an account of the authors’ experiences as foster carers for an unaccompanied asylum seeker (and through him, supporting other asylum-seeking boys). We are both qualified and experienced social workers, now social work academics living and working in Scotland, whose practice is informed by socio-pedagogical perspectives. Our backgrounds have given us unique and finely grained insights into the daily care issues facing young asylum seekers set against a backdrop of global movement. We discuss the need to provide care that offers cultural safety; the centrality within this of recognising and seeking to understand religious beliefs and practices; the experiences of young people growing up in conditions of liminality, negotiating two very different cultures; the inadequacy of current social work responses; the importance of everyday care and relationships and the need for a curious and reflexive orientation from caregivers.

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          Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.

          The relationship of health risk behavior and disease in adulthood to the breadth of exposure to childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood has not previously been described. A questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences was mailed to 13,494 adults who had completed a standardized medical evaluation at a large HMO; 9,508 (70.5%) responded. Seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were studied: psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The number of categories of these adverse childhood experiences was then compared to measures of adult risk behavior, health status, and disease. Logistic regression was used to adjust for effects of demographic factors on the association between the cumulative number of categories of childhood exposures (range: 0-7) and risk factors for the leading causes of death in adult life. More than half of respondents reported at least one, and one-fourth reported > or = 2 categories of childhood exposures. We found a graded relationship between the number of categories of childhood exposure and each of the adult health risk behaviors and diseases that were studied (P or = 50 sexual intercourse partners, and sexually transmitted disease; and 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity. The number of categories of adverse childhood exposures showed a graded relationship to the presence of adult diseases including ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease. The seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were strongly interrelated and persons with multiple categories of childhood exposure were likely to have multiple health risk factors later in life. We found a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
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            Cultural humility: measuring openness to culturally diverse clients.

            Building on recent theory stressing multicultural orientation, as well as the development of virtues and dispositions associated with multicultural values, we introduce the construct of cultural humility, defined as having an interpersonal stance that is other-oriented rather than self-focused, characterized by respect and lack of superiority toward an individual's cultural background and experience. In 4 studies, we provide evidence for the estimated reliability and construct validity of a client-rated measure of a therapist's cultural humility, and we demonstrate that client perceptions of their therapist's cultural humility are positively associated with developing a strong working alliance. Furthermore, client perceptions of their therapist's cultural humility were positively associated with improvement in therapy, and this relationship was mediated by a strong working alliance. We consider implications for research, practice, and training.
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              Language and symbolic power

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                IJSP
                International Journal of Social Pedagogy
                UCL Press
                2051-5804
                21 April 2021
                : 10
                : 1
                : 5
                Affiliations
                School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Old Medical School, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK; m.z.v.smith@ 123456dundee.ac.uk
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: m.daly@ 123456dundee.ac.uk
                Article
                IJSP-10-5
                10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2021.v10.x.005
                13975d01-5f3a-4afe-958e-6077d15c22ea
                © 2021, Maura Daly and Mark Smith.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2021.v10.x.005.

                History
                : 16 August 2020
                : 26 March 2021
                Page count
                Pages: 13
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                Daly, M. & Smith, M. (2021). ‘We need to talk about Bona’: An autoethnographic account of fostering an unaccompanied asylum seeker. International Journal of Social Pedagogy, 10(1): 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ijsp.2021.v10.x.005.

                Sociology,Education,Social policy & Welfare,General social science,General behavioral science,Family & Child studies
                unaccompanied,Scotland,autoethnography,refugee,Muslim, asylum,social work,social pedagogy,foster care

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