Sugar and acid profile of loquat ( <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> Lindl.), enzymes assay and expression profiling of their metabolism-related genes as influenced by exogenously applied boron

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Soluble sugars and organic acids are the most abundant components in ripe fruits, and they play critical roles in the development of fruit flavor and taste. Some loquat cultivars have high acid content which seriously affect the quality of fruit and reduce the value of commodity. Consequently, studying the physiological mechanism of sugar-acid metabolism in loquat can clarify the mechanism of their formation, accumulation and degradation in the fruit. Minerals application has been reported as a promising way to improve sugar-acid balance of the fruits. In this study, loquat trees were foliar sprayed with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% borax, and changes in soluble sugars and organic acids were recorded. The contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were determined using HPLC-RID and UPLC-MS, respectively. The activities of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of sugars and acids were quantified and expressions of related genes were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed that 0.2% borax was a promising treatment among other B applications for the increased levels of soluble sugars and decreased acid contents in loquats. Correlation analysis showed that the enzymes i.e., SPS, SS, FK, and HK were may be involved in the regulation of fructose and glucose metabolism in the fruit pulp of loquat. While the activity of NADP-ME showed negative and NAD-MDH showed a positive correlation with malic acid content. Meanwhile, EjSPS1, EjSPS3, EjSS3, EjHK1, EjHK3, EjFK1, EjFK2, EjFK5, and EjFK6 may play an important role in soluble sugars metabolism in fruit pulp of loquat. Similarly, EjPEPC2, EjPEPC3, EjNAD-ME1, EjNAD-MDH1, EjNAD-MDH5-8, EjNAD-MDH10, and EjNAD-MDH13 may have a vital contribution to malic acid biosynthesis in loquat fruits. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating soluble sugars and malic acid biosynthesis in loquats.

Related collections

Most cited references 106

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.

Kenneth Livak, Thomas D. Schmittgen (2001)

The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative quantification relates the PCR signal of the target transcript in a treatment group to that of another sample such as an untreated control. The 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method is a convenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. The purpose of this report is to present the derivation, assumptions, and applications of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method that may be useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).

0 comments Cited 27532 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Sucrose metabolism: gateway to diverse carbon use and sugar signaling.

Yong-Ling Ruan (2014)

Sucrose metabolism plays pivotal roles in development, stress response, and yield formation, mainly by generating a range of sugars as metabolites to fuel growth and synthesize essential compounds (including protein, cellulose, and starch) and as signals to regulate expression of microRNAs, transcription factors, and other genes and for crosstalk with hormonal, oxidative, and defense signaling. This review aims to capture the most exciting developments in this area by evaluating (a) the roles of key sucrose metabolic enzymes in development, abiotic stress responses, and plant-microbe interactions; (b) the coupling between sucrose metabolism and sugar signaling from extra- to intracellular spaces; (c) the different mechanisms by which sucrose metabolic enzymes could perform their signaling roles; and (d) progress on engineering sugar metabolism and transport for high yield and disease resistance. Finally, the review outlines future directions for research on sugar metabolism and signaling to better understand and improve plant performance.

0 comments Cited 457 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

An Overview of Sucrose Synthases in Plants

Ofer Stein, David Granot (2019)

Sucrose is the end product of photosynthesis and the primary sugar transported in the phloem of most plants. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is a glycosyl transferase enzyme that plays a key role in sugar metabolism, primarily in sink tissues. SuSy catalyzes the reversible cleavage of sucrose into fructose and either uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) or adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADP-G). The products of sucrose cleavage by SuSy are available for many metabolic pathways, such as energy production, primary-metabolite production, and the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. SuSy proteins are usually homotetramers with an average monomeric molecular weight of about 90 kD (about 800 amino acids long). Plant SuSy isozymes are mainly located in the cytosol or adjacent to plasma membrane, but some SuSy proteins are found in the cell wall, vacuoles, and mitochondria. Plant SUS gene families are usually small, containing between four to seven genes, with distinct exon-intron structures. Plant SUS genes are divided into three separate clades, which are present in both monocots and dicots. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis indicates that a first SUS duplication event may have occurred before the divergence of the gymnosperms and angiosperms and a second duplication event probably occurred in a common angiosperm ancestor, leading to the existence of all three clades in both monocots and dicots. Plants with reduced SuSy activity have been shown to have reduced growth, reduced starch, cellulose or callose synthesis, reduced tolerance to anaerobic-stress conditions and altered shoot apical meristem function and leaf morphology. Plants overexpressing SUS have shown increased growth, increased xylem area and xylem cell-wall width, and increased cellulose and starch contents, making SUS high-potential candidate genes for the improvement of agricultural traits in crop plants. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding plant SuSy, including newly discovered possible developmental roles for SuSy in meristem functioning that involve sugar and hormonal signaling.

0 comments Cited 168 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Muhammad Moaaz Ali: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1489752

Raheel Anwar: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1689237

Shaghef Ejaz: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1322690

Sajid Ali: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/904613

Ahmed F. Yousef: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1653337

Sezai Ercisli: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/739042

Xiaobo Hu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2044529

Youming Hou: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/308235

Faxing Chen: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/300056

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Plant Sci.

Title: Frontiers in Plant Science

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-462X

Publication date (Electronic): 20 October 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 1039360

Affiliations

[1] ¹ State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, China

[2] ² Institute of Subtropical Fruits, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, China

[3] ³ Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad, Pakistan

[4] ⁴ Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Food and Crop Science, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS)-Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, Pakistan

[5] ⁵ Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan, Pakistan

[6] ⁶ Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Branch Assiut) , Assiut, Egypt

[7] ⁷ Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University , Erzurum, Turkey

Author notes

Edited by: Pankaj Kumar, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, India

Reviewed by: Ilian Badjakov, Agrobioinstitute (CAB), Bulgaria; Ahmad Latif Virk, China Agricultural University, China; Behiye Banu Bilgen, Namik Kemal University, Turkey

*Correspondence: Youming Hou, ymhou@ 123456fafu.edu.cn ; Faxing Chen, fxchen@ 123456fafu.edu.cn

This article was submitted to Plant Biotechnology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039360

PMC ID: 9632665

SO-VID: 184bbde3-6dda-47f8-b7db-58571e6edd52

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 08 September 2022

Date accepted : 03 October 2022

Page count

Figures: 10, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 107, Pages: 18, Words: 7755

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Smart Citations

Citing PublicationsSupportingMentioningContrasting

View Citations

See how this article has been cited at scite.ai

scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.