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      Next Generation AT-Cut Quartz Crystal Sensing Devices

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          Abstract

          Generally, AT-cut quartz crystals have a limited scope of use when it comes to high-precision measurement of very small impedance changes due to their nonlinear frequency-temperature characteristics in the range between 0 °C and 50 °C. The new method improving quartz oscillator frequency-temperature characteristic compensation is switching between two impedance loads. By modifying the oscillator circuit with two logic switches and two impedance loads, the oscillator can switch oscillation between two resonance frequencies. The difference in resonance frequencies compensates the frequency-temperature characteristics influence as well as the influence of offset and quartz crystal ageing. The experimental results show that the new approach using the switching method highly improves second-to-second frequency stability from ±0.125 Hz to ±0.00001 Hz and minute-to-minute frequency stability from 0.1 Hz to 0.0001 Hz, which makes the high-precision measurement of aF and fH changes possible.

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          Characterization of frequency stability in precision frequency sources

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            Major Improvements of Quartz Crystal Pulling Sensitivity and Linearity Using Series Reactance

            This paper presents a new method of substantially improving frequency pullability and linearity using reactance in series with an AT fundamental crystal operated with a series load capacitance in the range of 3 to 50 pF and frequencies in the range of 3.5 to 21 MHz. The research describes high quartz pullability and linearity by varying the load capacitance. The paper also gives impedance circuits for crystal unit (3.5 MHz) together with load capacitance and compensation reactance. The experimental results show that the new approach using compensation method of quartz crystal connected in series reactance increases the frequency pulling range by ×25 to ×100 depending on the type of oscillator and compensation factor “k” in the temperature range of 10 to 40 °C.
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              Electrical Measurement: Quartz as a Frequency Reference

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1424-8220
                2011
                27 April 2011
                : 11
                : 5
                : 4474-4482
                Affiliations
                Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; E-Mail: vojko.matko@ 123456uni-mb.si ; Tel.: +386-2220-7111; Fax: +386-2220-7272
                Article
                sensors-11-04474
                10.3390/s110504474
                3231362
                22163858
                1883b33a-b873-40f7-8250-1a51033edc29
                © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 17 January 2011
                : 1 April 2011
                : 6 April 2011
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                temperature characteristic compensation,switching oscillating method,quartz crystal

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