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      Fitotoxicidad de compost producido con cultivos de microorganismos de montaña y lodos de biodigestor

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: la calidad del compost puede ser ajustada a través de la incorporación de agentes optimizadores. La selección de los agentes debe hacerse en forma cuidadosa para efectos de garantizar la seguridad del compost maduro. Las pruebas de fitotoxicidad son un mecanismo económico, rápido y confiable para detectar en el compost la presencia de sustancias tóxicas inhibidoras de la germinación y el crecimiento de cultivos. Objetivo: evaluar la fitotoxicidad de los microorganismos de montaña y los lodos de biodigestor como agentes optimizadores del compost. Métodos: bioensayo de germinación y crecimiento de semillas de pepino (Cucumis sativus) utilizando un arreglo de bloques completamente aleatorizados. Resultados: el empleo individual de estos agentes, no tiene un efecto inhibidor en la germinación y el crecimiento del pepino, por lo que pueden ser considerados como materiales seguros para la optimización de la calidad del compost. Sin embargo, la incorporación simultánea de ambos agentes en la producción de este abono orgánico provocó una disminución significativa en la germinación y el crecimiento inicial del pepino. Este resultado podría explicarse por el efecto fitotóxico que ejerce el exceso de Zinc y Boro detectado en el compost que combina ambos materiales. Conclusión: recomendamos utilizar este compost con precaución y llevar a cabo otras pruebas de crecimiento para identificar si la fitotoxicidad observada se mantiene sobre otros cultivos y sobre otras etapas de desarrollo más avanzadas a la germinación y el crecimiento inicial.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT “Phytotoxicity of compost produced with mountain microorganisms and biodigester sludge”. Introduction: compost quality may be enhanced with compost optimization agents. These agents must guarantee safety. Compost phytotoxicity tests are an economic, rapid and reliable mechanism to detect toxic substances in compost that may inhibit seed germination and plant growth. Objective: to evaluate the phytotoxicity of mountain microorganisms and biodigester sludge as compost optimization agents Methods: complete randomized blocks bioassay with cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus). Results: individual use of these agents has no inhibitory effects in cucumber germination and growth and is thus safe. However, added simultaneously, they have inhibitory effects on germination and growth of cucumber, possibly from the phytotoxic effect of excess Zinc and Boron. Conclusion: we recommend caution and further tests with additional growth stages and species.

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          Agricultural utilization of biosolids: A review on potential effects on soil and plant grown.

          Environmental and economic implications linked with the proper ecofriendly disposal of modern day wastes, has made it essential to come up with alternative waste management practices that reduce the environmental pressures resulting from unwise disposal of such wastes. Urban wastes like biosolids are loaded with essential plant nutrients. In this view, agricultural use of biosolids would enable recycling of these nutrients and could be a sustainable approach towards management of this hugely generated waste. Therefore biosolids i.e. sewage sludge can serve as an important resource for agricultural utilization. Biosolids are characterized by the occurrence of beneficial plant nutrients (essential elements and micro and macronutrients) which can make help them to work as an effective soil amendment, thereby minimizing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. However, biosolids might contain toxic heavy metals that may limit its usage in the cropland. Heavy metals at higher concentration than the permissible limits may lead to food chain contamination and have fatal consequences. Biosolids amendment in soil can improve physical and nutrient property of soil depending on the quantity and portion of the mixture. Hence, biosolids can be a promising soil ameliorating supplement to increase plant productivity, reduce bioavailability of heavy metals and also lead to effective waste management.
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            Composting and compost utilization: accounting of greenhouse gases and global warming contributions.

            Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to composting of organic waste and the use of compost were assessed from a waste management perspective. The GHG accounting for composting includes use of electricity and fuels, emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from the composting process, and savings obtained by the use of the compost. The GHG account depends on waste type and composition (kitchen organics, garden waste), technology type (open systems, closed systems, home composting), the efficiency of off-gas cleaning at enclosed composting systems, and the use of the compost. The latter is an important issue and is related to the long-term binding of carbon in the soil, to related effects in terms of soil improvement and to what the compost substitutes; this could be fertilizer and peat for soil improvement or for growth media production. The overall global warming factor (GWF) for composting therefore varies between significant savings (-900 kg CO(2)-equivalents tonne(-1) wet waste (ww)) and a net load (300 kg CO(2)-equivalents tonne( -1) ww). The major savings are obtained by use of compost as a substitute for peat in the production of growth media. However, it may be difficult for a specific composting plant to document how the compost is used and what it actually substitutes for. Two cases representing various technologies were assessed showing how GHG accounting can be done when specific information and data are available.
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              The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cinn
                Cuadernos de Investigación UNED
                Cuadernos de Investigación UNED
                Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (Sabanilla, Montes de Oca, Sabanilla, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica )
                1659-4266
                1659-4266
                June 2019
                : 11
                : 2
                : 75-84
                Affiliations
                [3] Georgia orgnameUniversity of Georgia orgdiv1Odum School of Ecology United States quintcostarica@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Monteverde Georgia orgnameUniversity of Georgia United States fabricio@ 123456uga.edu
                [4] orgnameCouncil on International Educational Exchange Costa Rica kmasters@ 123456ciee.org
                [5] orgnameUniversity of California orgdiv1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States mnkinyua@ 123456ucdavis.edu
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas Costa Rica lidieth.uribe@ 123456ucr.ac.cr
                Article
                S1659-42662019000200075 S1659-4266(19)01100200075
                10.22458/urj.v11i2.2197
                1df2c49e-34e4-4f8b-8d0f-cd3cfe592788

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 October 2018
                : 11 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Artículo

                quality of organic fertilizer,reciclaje de nutrientes,biofertilización,agricultura sostenible,calidad de abono orgánico,nutrient cycling,biofertilization,sustainable agriculture

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