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      Water relations, photosynthetic capacity, and growth in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.): seedlings and grafted plants

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A utilização da técnica de enxertia em maracujazeiros tem sido uma estratégia promissora para o desenvolvimento de cultivares tradicionais de maracujazeiros que, por sua vez, apresentam raízes suscetíveis a vários patógenos do solo. Contudo, não se conhece o efeito desta técnica sobre as trocas gasosas, as relações hídricas e a eficiência fotoquímica em plantas desta espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a capacidade fotossintética, as relações hídricas e o crescimento de maracujazeiros propagados por semente (PPS) e propagados por enxertia (PPG), submetidos à limitação da disponibilidade de água no solo. O presente estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando mudas de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa e mudas enxertadas [Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (enxerto) e Passiflora mucronata (porta-enxerto)] cultivadas em potes de 3,5 dm3. Aos 37 dias após o transplantio (DAT), foi suspensa a irrigação em metade das plantas propagadas por sementes (PPSDS, plantas propagadas por sementes em condições de deficiência hídrica) e em metade das plantas propagadas por enxertia (PPGDS, plantas propagadas por enxertia em condições de deficiência hídrica). Em um outro grupo de plantas, o solo foi mantido na capacidade de campo. As trocas gasosas, a emissão da fluorescência da clorofila, a estimativa do teor de clorofilas e os potenciais hídricos foliar e do solo foram determinadas durante o experimento. Nas plantas PPSDS e PPGDS, a restrição hídrica reduziu os valores da condutância estomática, o rendimento quântico incidente (Φi) e a massa seca da raiz em relação aos respectivos controles mantidos irrigados (PPS e PPG). Tanto para as PPSDS e PPGDS, até os valores de -50 kPa de potencial hídrico do solo, houve redução da taxa fotossintética em 50%, sem haver redução do potencial hídrico foliar. Em relação às plantas enxertadas, as plantas propagadas por semente apresentaram maiores valores das medidas biométricas, tanto cultivadas na condição de capacidade de campo, como cultivadas na condição de limitação de água no substrato. A técnica de enxertia não comprometeu o estado hídrico, a emissão da fluorescência e as trocas gasosas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Grafting has been used in passion fruit as a promising strategy for the improvement of traditional cultivars, which have roots susceptible to several soil pathogens. However, the effect of grafting on gas exchange, water relations, and photochemical efficiency in passion fruit is still not understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity, water relations, and the growth of seed-propagated (PPS) and grafted (PPG) passion fruit under drought stress. Ungrafted seedlings of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and seedlings of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (scion) grafted onto Passiflora mucronata (rootstock) were cultivated in a greenhouse in 3.5-dm3 pots. At 37 days after transplanting (DAT), one-half of the seed-propagated plants had the watering suspended (PPSDS, plant propagated by seed under drought stress) as well as one-half of the grafted plants (PPGDS, plant propagated by grafting under drought stress). Another group of plants was kept in soil at field capacity. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence emission, chlorophyll content, and leaf and soil water potentials were determined during the experiment. Drought-stressed plants (PPSDS and PPGDS) reduced the stomatal conductance, incident quantum yield (Φi), and root dry mass in relation to the respective watered controls (PPS and PPG). Up to -50 kPa of soil water potential, both PPSDS and PPGDS reduced the photosynthetic rate by 50%, without reducing leaf water potential. The seed-propagated plants showed higher growth characteristics than the grafted plants in both conditions, at the field capacity and in the substrate with water limitation. Grafting showed no effect on water status, fluorescence emission, and gas exchange.

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          Most cited references28

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          Photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, chlorophyll a fluorescence and SPAD-502 readings in coffee leaves

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            Partitioning of photosynthetic electron flow between CO2 and O 2 reduction in a C 3 leaf (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at different CO 2 concentrations and during drought stress.

            Photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf net gas exchanges (CO2 and H2O) were measured simultaneously on bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) submitted either to different ambient CO2 concentrations or to a drought stress. When leaves are under photorespiratory conditions, a simple fluorescence parameter ΔF/ Fm (B. Genty et al. 1989, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 990, 87-92; ΔF = difference between maximum, Fm, and steady-state fluorescence emissions) allows the calculation of the total rate of photosynthetic electron-transport and the rate of electron transport to O2. These rates are in agreement with the measurements of leaf O2 absorption using (18)O2 and the kinetic properties of ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The fluorescence parameter, ΔF/Fm, showed that the allocation of photosynthetic electrons to O2 was increased during the desiccation of a leaf. Decreasing leaf net CO2 uptake, either by decreasing the ambient CO2 concentration or by dehydrating a leaf, had the same effect on the partitioning of photosynthetic electrons between CO2 and O2 reduction. It is concluded that the decline of net CO2 uptake of a leaf under drought stress is only due, at least for a mild reversible stress (causing at most a leaf water deficit of 35%), to stomatal closure which leads to a decrease in leaf internal CO2 concentration. Since, during the dehydration of a leaf, the calculated internal CO2 concentration remained constant or even increased we conclude that this calculation is misleading under such conditions.
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              Effects of water stress on photosystem II photochemistry and its thermostability in wheat plants

              C. Lu, J. Zhang (1999)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rceres
                Revista Ceres
                Rev. Ceres
                Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                0034-737X
                2177-3491
                March 2018
                : 65
                : 2
                : 135-143
                Affiliations
                [2] Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Brazil mara.assis.gomes@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Macaé orgnameUniversidade Estácio de Sá Brazil alenanetto@ 123456msn.com
                [3] Cuiabá Mato Grosso orgnameEmpresa Matogrossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural Brazil majumocchia@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Seropédica orgnameEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Brazil raul.rosa@ 123456embrapa.br
                Article
                S0034-737X2018000200135
                10.1590/0034-737x201865020004
                245afbe9-8dae-4c9e-9927-65f8208fe3b8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 November 2016
                : 28 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                fotossíntese,fluorescência,estresse hídrico,condutância estomática,transpiration.,fluorescence,water stress,stomatal conductance,transpiração,leaf water potential,photosynthesis,potencial hídrico foliar

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