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      Qualidade da água do rio Paraná em região de balneabilidade: discussão sobre os impactos potenciais do lançamento de efluentes provenientes de tratamento secundário Translated title: Water quality of the Paraná river in a bathing resort region: a discussion on the potential impacts of secondary treated wastewater discharge

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A nascente do rio Paraná passou a ser receptora dos efluentes da estação de tratamento de esgoto de Aparecida do Taboado, Mato Grosso do Sul, em um projeto iniciado em 2013 e concluído em 2020. O emissário localiza-se a montante de um balneário. A pesquisa objetivou monitorar a qualidade da água do rio de agosto de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, antes do lançamento. Foram utilizados o índice de qualidade das águas da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) e seus parâmetros de cálculo. A água do rio apresentou boa qualidade (índice de qualidade das águas ≥72) e ausência de Escherichia coli. Apesar disso, 57 e 61% das amostras não atenderam à Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA nº 357/05 para demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e fósforo total, respectivamente. O potencial de impactos negativos na qualidade da água está relacionado aos parâmetros demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total e Escherichia coli, e o lançamento pode resultar na deterioração da qualidade da água do rio, comprometendo seus usos múltiplos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The headwater of the Paraná River became the recipient water body for the Aparecida do Taboado’s Wastewater Treatment Plant effluents - Mato Grosso do Sul - in a project started in 2013 and completed in 2020. The emissary is located upstream of a bathing resort. This study aimed to monitor the river water quality before discharge starts, from August 2019 to February 2020. The CETESB Water Quality Index and its calculation parameters were used. The Paraná River presented good water quality (Water Quality Index CETESB ≥72) and the absence of Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, 57 and 61% of the samples did not meet CONAMA Resolution No. 357/05 for biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus, respectively. Potential negative impacts on the water quality are related to the parameters of biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and Escherichia coli and the secondary treated wastewater discharge into Paraná River may result in the water quality deterioration, compromising its multiple uses.

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          Introducing a water quality index for assessing water for irrigation purposes: A case study of the Ghezel Ozan River.

          Rivers are one of the main water resources for agricultural, drinking, environmental and industrial use. Water quality indices can and have been used to identify threats to water quality along a stream and contribute to better water resources management. There are many water quality indices for the assessment and use of surface water for drinking purposes. However, there is no well-established index for the assessment and direct use of river water for irrigation purposes. The aim of this study was to adopt the framework of the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and, with adjustments, apply it in a way which will conform to irrigation water quality requirements. To accomplish this, the NSFWQI parameters for drinking water use were amended to include water quality parameters suitable for irrigation. For each selected parameter, an individual weighting chart was generated according to the FAO 29 guideline. The NSFWQI formula was then used to calculate a final index value, and for each parameter an acceptable range in this value was determined. The new index was then applied to the Ghezel Ozan River in Iran as a case study. A forty five year record of water quality data (1966 to 2010) was collected from four hydrometery stations along the river. Water quality parameters including Na(+), Cl(-), pH, HCO(-)3, EC, SAR and TDS were employed for water quality analysis using the adjusted NSFWQI formula. The results of this case study showed variation in water quality from the upstream to downstream ends of the river. Consistent monitoring of the river water quality and the establishment of a long term management plan were recommended for the protection of this valuable water resource.
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            Effects of land use and land cover on water quality of low-order streams in Southeastern Brazil: Watershed versus riparian zone

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              A critical review on the application of the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index

              Many studies have employed the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) with non-original rather than originally defined parameters of the model, particularly when incorporating fecal coliform (FC), total solids, and total phosphates as inputs. For this reason, this study aimed to perform a critical review on the application of the NSFWQI to explore the amount of change that can be expected when users employed non-original parameters (such as orthophosphate and total dissolved solids/total suspended solids instead of total phosphorous and total solids, respectively), or different units (FC based on the maximum probable number (FC-MPN) rather than the colony forming unit (FC-CPU)). To demonstrate the influence of originally defined inputs on NSFWQI results, various scenarios were investigated. These scenarios were generated using different possible inputs to the NSFWQI, altering the FC, total solids, and total phosphorous parameters obtained from the monitoring stations of the Sefidroud River in Iran. Considerable differences were observed in the NSFWQI values when using orthophosphate and total suspended solids, instead of the originally defined data (i.e., total phosphorous and total solids), in the model (first scenario). In this case, the number of stations with "good" water quality increased from one to seven when compared with the first scenario results. In addition, unlike the results of the first scenario, none of the stations were classified as class IV (i.e., "bad" water quality status). However, the results of the implemented scenarios presented a more favorable water quality status than those obtained using the first scenario (except the second scenario which included FC-MPN rather than FC-CFU). Using total dissolved solids instead of total solids and FC-MPN rather than FC-CPU, resulted in fewer changes. In both cases, the average of the NSFWQI values in the river classed all stations as "medium" and "bad" water quality for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Proper application of NSFWQI is important to provide high quality results for evaluation of water bodies, particularly when incorporating total solids and total phosphorous as inputs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                esa
                Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental
                Eng. Sanit. Ambient.
                Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-4152
                1809-4457
                June 2022
                : 27
                : 3
                : 445-455
                Affiliations
                [1] Ilha Solteira São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Civil de Ilha Solteira Brazil
                [2] São Carlos orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos Brazil
                [3] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade Brasil Brasil
                Article
                S1413-41522022000300445 S1413-4152(22)02700300445
                10.1590/s1413-415220210126
                2500416b-e7b6-4ee3-b6ff-7449949bc7ec

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 May 2021
                : 02 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                multiple uses,water resources,efluentes domésticos,balneabilidade,usos múltiplos,recursos hídricos,domestic effluents,bathing

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