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      Hydrogen-rich gas discovery in continental scientific drilling project of Songliao Basin, Northeast China: new insights into deep Earth exploration

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      Science Bulletin
      Elsevier BV

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          Most cited references14

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          A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: the Lost City hydrothermal field.

          The serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field is a remarkable submarine ecosystem in which geological, chemical, and biological processes are intimately interlinked. Reactions between seawater and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids, with temperatures ranging from <40 degrees to 90 degrees C at pH 9 to 11, and carbonate chimneys 30 to 60 meters tall. A low diversity of microorganisms related to methane-cycling Archaea thrive in the warm porous interiors of the edifices. Macrofaunal communities show a degree of species diversity at least as high as that of black smoker vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but they lack the high biomasses of chemosynthetic organisms that are typical of volcanically driven systems.
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            Abiotic methane synthesis and serpentinization in olivine-hosted fluid inclusions

            The conditions of methane (CH 4 ) formation in olivine-hosted secondary fluid inclusions and their prevalence in peridotite and gabbroic rocks from a wide range of geological settings were assessed using confocal Raman spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and thermodynamic modeling. Detailed examination of 160 samples from ultraslow- to fast-spreading midocean ridges, subduction zones, and ophiolites revealed that hydrogen (H 2 ) and CH 4 formation linked to serpentinization within olivine-hosted secondary fluid inclusions is a widespread process. Fluid inclusion contents are dominated by serpentine, brucite, and magnetite, as well as CH 4( g ) and H 2( g ) in varying proportions, consistent with serpentinization under strongly reducing, closed-system conditions. Thermodynamic constraints indicate that aqueous fluids entering the upper mantle or lower oceanic crust are trapped in olivine as secondary fluid inclusions at temperatures higher than ∼400 °C. When temperatures decrease below ∼340 °C, serpentinization of olivine lining the walls of the fluid inclusions leads to a near-quantitative consumption of trapped liquid H 2 O. The generation of molecular H 2 through precipitation of Fe(III)-rich daughter minerals results in conditions that are conducive to the reduction of inorganic carbon and the formation of CH 4 . Once formed, CH 4( g ) and H 2( g ) can be stored over geological timescales until extracted by dissolution or fracturing of the olivine host. Fluid inclusions represent a widespread and significant source of abiotic CH 4 and H 2 in submarine and subaerial vent systems on Earth, and possibly elsewhere in the solar system.
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              Discovery of a large accumulation of natural hydrogen in Bourakebougou (Mali)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Science Bulletin
                Science Bulletin
                Elsevier BV
                20959273
                May 2022
                May 2022
                : 67
                : 10
                : 1003-1006
                Article
                10.1016/j.scib.2022.02.008
                2bfbcad1-9009-4225-952d-aec80a427b91
                © 2022

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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