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      Orale Antikoagulation mit Edoxaban zur Schlaganfallprävention bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern: Analyse der Ein-Jahres-Follow-up-Daten aus dem ETNA-AF-Register zur klinischen Routinepraxis in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH) Translated title: Oral anticoagulation with Edoxaban for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: Analysis of 1-year follow-up data of routine clinical practice in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DACH) from the ETNA-AF registry

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          Zusammenfassung

          Hintergrund

          Orale Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antikoagulanzien (NOAKs) sind sicher und wirksam in der Schlaganfallprävention bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern (AF). Es gibt jedoch nur wenige Daten zur Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der oralen Antikoagulation mit Edoxaban im deutschsprachigen Raum in der Routineversorgung. Wir berichten über die Ein-Jahres-Ergebnisse der Patienten, die in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH) im Rahmen der ETNA-AF-Europa-Studie mit Edoxaban zur Schlaganfallprävention behandelt wurden.

          Methoden

          Die ETNA-AF-Europa-Studie (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT02 944 019) ist eine multizentrische, prospektive Beobachtungsstudie, in die mit Edoxaban zur Schlaganfallprävention bei AF behandelte Patienten (n = 13 092) aus 852 Zentren in 10 europäischen Ländern aufgenommen wurden. Die DACH-Kohorte besteht aus 5457 (41,7 %) Patienten aus Zentren in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz.

          Resultate

          Die Patienten (74 Jahre, 2384 [44 %] Frauen) hatten im Mittel einen CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc-Score von 3,2 ± 1,4 – und eine labelkonforme Dosierung von Edoxaban wurde von 4309 Patienten (78,9 %) eingenommen. Nach einem Beobachtungszeitraum von einem Jahr traten bei 42 Patienten (0,8 %/Jahr) ein Schlaganfall oder ein systemisch embolisches Ereignis auf, und bei 36 Patienten (0,7 %/Jahr) kam es zu einem schweren Blutungsereignis, was bei 10 Patienten (0,2 %/Jahr) auf eine intrakranielle Blutung und bei 13 Patienten (0,3 %/Jahr) auf eine schwere gastrointestinale (GI) Blutung zurückzuführen war. Schwere und klinisch relevante, nicht schwere Blutungen zusammengenommen ereigneten sich bei insgesamt 72 Patienten (1,4 %/Jahr) über den Beobachtungszeitraum. Die Gesamtmortalität lag bei 179 Patienten (3,4 %/Jahr), wobei 85 (1,6 %/Jahr) an einer kardiovaskulären Todesursache verstarben. Bei Patienten mit einem erhöhten Lebensalter, einem gebrechlichen Allgemeinzustand, einem CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc-Score ≥ 4 zeigten sich eine höhere Gesamtmortalität und eine höhere Rate von Schlaganfällen sowie schweren Blutungsereignissen.

          Schlussfolgerung

          In Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz ist die Ereignisrate der Schlaganfälle und schweren Blutungen bei Patienten, die zur Schlaganfallprävention bei AF mit Edoxaban behandelt wurden, niedrig. Eine zunehmende Morbidität geht mit einer höheren Rate der relevanten klinischen Endpunkte einher.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract
          Background

          Non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are safe and effective for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Data on the safety and efficacy of Edoxaban in routine care in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DACH) are limited. We report one-year outcomes in patients with AF treated with Edoxaban in routine care.

          Methods

          The ETNA-AF-Europe study (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT02 944 019) is a multicenter, prospective, observational study that enrolled 13 092 patients with AF treated with Edoxaban from 852 sites across 10 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). The DACH-cohort consists of 5457 (41,7 %) patients of sites in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

          Results

          Patients had a mean age of 74 years (2384 [44 %]women) and a mean CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc-score of 3.2 ± 1.4. A label-conform dosing of Edoxaban was administered to 4309 patients (78,9 %). At the one-year-follow-up a stroke or systemic embolism occurred in 42 patients (0,8 %/year), and severe bleeding was reported in 36 patients (0,7 %/year). Ten patients (0,2 %/year) suffered intracranial and 13 patients (0,3 %/year)gastrointestinal bleeding. Numbers of death from all causes and cardiovascular death occurred in 179 patients (3,4 %/year) and 85 patients (1,6 %/year), respectively. Age > 75 years, frailty and a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥ 4 were associated with a higher all-cause mortality – and those patients were more likely to suffer a stroke or a major bleeding event.

          Conclusion

          In Germany, Austria and Switzerland in patients with AF on Edoxaban therapy for stroke prevention the number of stroke and major bleeding events is low. Increasing morbidity is associated with a higher number of important clinical events.

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          Most cited references19

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            Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

            Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in a similar population in comparison with aspirin. In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared apixaban (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) with warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) in 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke. The primary outcome was ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. The trial was designed to test for noninferiority, with key secondary objectives of testing for superiority with respect to the primary outcome and to the rates of major bleeding and death from any cause. The median duration of follow-up was 1.8 years. The rate of the primary outcome was 1.27% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 1.60% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio with apixaban, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.95; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P=0.01 for superiority). The rate of major bleeding was 2.13% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 3.09% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.80; P<0.001), and the rates of death from any cause were 3.52% and 3.94%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P=0.047). The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.24% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 0.47% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.75; P<0.001), and the rate of ischemic or uncertain type of stroke was 0.97% per year in the apixaban group and 1.05% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.13; P=0.42). In patients with atrial fibrillation, apixaban was superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolism, caused less bleeding, and resulted in lower mortality. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer; ARISTOTLE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00412984.).
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              Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

              The use of warfarin reduces the rate of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but requires frequent monitoring and dose adjustment. Rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, may provide more consistent and predictable anticoagulation than warfarin. In a double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 14,264 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were at increased risk for stroke to receive either rivaroxaban (at a daily dose of 20 mg) or dose-adjusted warfarin. The per-protocol, as-treated primary analysis was designed to determine whether rivaroxaban was noninferior to warfarin for the primary end point of stroke or systemic embolism. In the primary analysis, the primary end point occurred in 188 patients in the rivaroxaban group (1.7% per year) and in 241 in the warfarin group (2.2% per year) (hazard ratio in the rivaroxaban group, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.96; P<0.001 for noninferiority). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the primary end point occurred in 269 patients in the rivaroxaban group (2.1% per year) and in 306 patients in the warfarin group (2.4% per year) (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.03; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P=0.12 for superiority). Major and nonmajor clinically relevant bleeding occurred in 1475 patients in the rivaroxaban group (14.9% per year) and in 1449 in the warfarin group (14.5% per year) (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.11; P=0.44), with significant reductions in intracranial hemorrhage (0.5% vs. 0.7%, P=0.02) and fatal bleeding (0.2% vs. 0.5%, P=0.003) in the rivaroxaban group. In patients with atrial fibrillation, rivaroxaban was noninferior to warfarin for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism. There was no significant between-group difference in the risk of major bleeding, although intracranial and fatal bleeding occurred less frequently in the rivaroxaban group. (Funded by Johnson & Johnson and Bayer; ROCKET AF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00403767.).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dtsch Med Wochenschr
                Dtsch Med Wochenschr
                10.1055/s-00000011
                Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
                Georg Thieme Verlag KG (Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany )
                0012-0472
                1439-4413
                03 July 2024
                August 2024
                1 July 2024
                : 149
                : 15
                : e58-e66
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universitäres Herz- und Gefäßzentrum UKE Hamburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Hamburg
                [2 ]Swiss EP AG, Zürich, und Universität Zürich, Schweiz
                [3 ]Medizinische Klinik II, Kardiologie, St. Vincenz-Krankenhaus GmbH, Paderborn
                [4 ]Institut für Kardiometabolik, Karl-Landsteiner-Gesellschaft, St. Pölten und Medizinische Fakultät, Sigmund-Freud-Privatuniversität, Wien
                [5 ]Klinik für Innere Med. I, SRH Zentralklinikum Suhl GmbH, Suhl
                [6 ]Sana Hanse-Klinkum Wismar, Klinik für Innere Medizin und Kardiologie, Wismar
                Author notes
                Korrespondenzadresse Dr. med. Leon Dinshaw Universitäres Herz- und Gefäßzentrum UKE Hamburg Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie Martinistr. 5220246 Hamburg leondinshaw@ 123456yahoo.de
                Article
                10.1055/a-2328-7240
                11251752
                38959945
                489e3747-51af-4bd2-b956-396887eb2a2e
                The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Originalarbeit

                nicht-vitamin-k orale antikoagulantien,vorhofflimmern,schlaganfallprävention,edoxaban,real-world,non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulant (noac),atrial fibrillation,stroke prevention

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