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      Allgemeine Kenntnisse zu häufig angewandten Testverfahren in der rheumatologisch-immunologischen Diagnostik und Forschung Translated title: General knowledge of frequently applied test procedures in rheumatological and immunological diagnostics and research

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          Abstract

          Kenntnisse zu Testverfahren sind essenziell für eine optimale Vorgehensweise in der rheumatologisch-immunologischen Diagnostik sowie für eine richtige Interpretation der Befunde. In der Praxis stellen sie eine Grundlage für die eigenständige Erbringung von diagnostischen Laborleistungen dar. Für wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen sind sie in vielen Bereichen ebenfalls zu unentbehrlichen Tools geworden. In diesem Beitrag soll auf die häufigsten und wichtigsten Testverfahren in einem übersichtlichen Format eingegangen werden. Dabei werden Vorzüge und Leistungsfähigkeit der Methoden dargestellt, und auf Limitationen und mögliche Fehlerquellen im Einsatz wird hingewiesen. Zunehmend spielt die Qualitätskontrolle in der diagnostischen sowie wissenschaftlichen Praxis eine entscheidende Rolle mit für alle Testverfahren in der Labordiagnostik geltenden gesetzlichen Regularien. Für das Fachgebiet der Rheumatologie ist die rheumatologisch-immunologische Diagnostik von besonderer Bedeutung, da ein Großteil der bekannten krankheitsspezifischen Marker mittels dieser Verfahren nachgewiesen wird. Gleichzeitig ist die immunologische Labordiagnostik ein hochinteressantes Betätigungsfeld mit zu erwartenden weiteren Impulsen für die zukünftige Entwicklung der Rheumatologie.

          Translated abstract

          Knowledge of test procedures is essential for an optimal approach in rheumatological and immunological diagnostics as well as for a correct interpretation of the findings. In practice, they are a basis for the independent provision of diagnostic laboratory services. For scientific questions they have become indispensable tools in many areas. This article gives an overview on the most frequently used and important test methods in a comprehensive form. The advantages and performance of the different methods are addressed and the limitations and possible sources or error are discussed. Quality control increasingly plays a decisive role in the diagnostic and scientific practice, with the legal regulations applying to all test procedures in laboratory diagnostics. For the discipline of rheumatology, the rheumatological and immunological diagnostics are of particular importance as the majority of the known disease-specific markers are detectable by means of these procedures. At the same time, immunological laboratory diagnostics are a highly interesting field of activity which are expected to have a strong impact on the future developments in rheumatology.

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          Levels of expression of CD19 and CD20 in chronic B cell leukaemias.

          To investigate whether the antigen levels of the B cell lineage markers CD19 and CD20 can distinguish between normal and neoplastic B cells or characterise distinct expression patterns among the chronic B cell leukaemias. Peripheral blood cells from 70 patients with B cell disorders and 17 healthy donors were analysed by quantitative flow cytometry. Direct immunofluorescence staining was performed with phycoerythrin conjugated CD19 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Standard microbeads with different capacities to bind mouse immunoglobulins were used to convert the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values into number of antigen molecules/cell, expressed as antibody binding capacity (ABC). CD19 and CD20 ABC values in leukaemic B cells differed from those of normal blood B lymphocytes. The results identified distinct profiles of CD19 and CD20 expression in the various types of B cell leukaemias. In all leukaemias studied except hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), CD19 expression was significantly lower than the mean (SD) value in normal B cells (22 (7) x 10(3) molecules/cell), as follows: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), 13 (7) x 10(3); B prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL), 16 (9) x 10(3); splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL), 15 (11) x 10(3); mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 10 (7) x 10(3). In HCL there was strong CD19 expression (38 (16) x 10(3)). In contrast, the level of expression of membrane CD20 was higher than the mean (SD) value in normal B cells (94 (16) x 10(3) molecules/cell) in MCL (123 (51) x 10(3)); B-PLL (129 (47) x 10(3)); SLVL (167 (72) x 10(3)); and HCL (312 (110) x 10(3)); while it was significantly lower (65 (11) x 10(3)) in CLL compared with normal B cells and the other B cell leukaemias. Quantitative determination of CD19 and CD20 may provide useful diagnostic information for the study of B lymphoproliferative disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                eugen.feist@helios-gesundheit.de
                Journal
                Z Rheumatol
                Z Rheumatol
                Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0340-1855
                1435-1250
                3 March 2023
                : 1-6
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5807.a, ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, Institut für Immunologie, , Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, ; Magdeburg, Deutschland
                [2 ]GRID grid.5807.a, ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, Helios-Fachklinik für Rheumatologie, Kooperationspartner der Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, ; Sophie-von-Boetticher Str. 1, 39245 Vogelsang-Gommern, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [Redaktion]

                Bimba Hoyer, Kiel

                Ulf Müller-Ladner, Bad Nauheim

                Article
                1335
                10.1007/s00393-023-01335-4
                9982768
                36867238
                4e050d75-323c-4eb6-9da4-70ad2a7e6b24
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2023

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 24 September 2022
                Categories
                Leitthema

                Rheumatology
                entzündungsdiagnostik,autoantikörper,durchflusszytometrie,funktionelle immunoassays,qualitätskontrolle ,inflammation diagnostics,autoantibodies,flow cytometry,functional immunoassays,quality control

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