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      How do STEM graduate students perceive science communication? Understanding science communication perceptions of future scientists

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          Abstract

          Increasingly, communicating science to the public is recognized as the responsibility of professional scientists; however, these skills are not always included in graduate training. In addition, most research on science communication training during graduate school, which is limited, has been program evaluation or literature reviews and does not report on or seek to understand graduate student perspectives. This research study provides a comprehensive analysis of graduate-level science communication training from the perspective of STEM graduate students. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study aimed to investigate where graduate students are receiving science communication training (if at all), what this training looks like from the student’s point of view, and, for graduate students that are engaging in science communication, what do these experiences look like. This study also explores how graduate students define science communication. Taken together, these results will give graduate students a voice in the development of science communication trainings and will remove barriers and increase equity in science communication training.

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          Most cited references36

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          Using thematic analysis in psychology

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            Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

            <i>Statistical Power Analysis</i> is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: <br> * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods;<br> * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and;<br> * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.<br>
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              Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation.

              The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2001, American Psychological Association, 2010) calls for the reporting of effect sizes and their confidence intervals. Estimates of effect size are useful for determining the practical or theoretical importance of an effect, the relative contributions of factors, and the power of an analysis. We surveyed articles published in 2009 and 2010 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, noting the statistical analyses reported and the associated reporting of effect size estimates. Effect sizes were reported for fewer than half of the analyses; no article reported a confidence interval for an effect size. The most often reported analysis was analysis of variance, and almost half of these reports were not accompanied by effect sizes. Partial η2 was the most commonly reported effect size estimate for analysis of variance. For t tests, 2/3 of the articles did not report an associated effect size estimate; Cohen's d was the most often reported. We provide a straightforward guide to understanding, selecting, calculating, and interpreting effect sizes for many types of data and to methods for calculating effect size confidence intervals and power analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                3 October 2022
                2022
                : 17
                : 10
                : e0274840
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Chemistry & Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States of America
                [2 ] Science at Cal, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
                [3 ] STEM Transformation Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
                [4 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
                Lund University: Lunds Universitet, SWEDEN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. TSR is an employee of the United States government. This manuscript and its findings are in no way a reflection of the United States Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Department of the Navy or United States Government. All information and conclusions presented herein belong to the authors alone who contributed to this manuscript. This affiliation does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-4021
                Article
                PONE-D-22-13092
                10.1371/journal.pone.0274840
                9529114
                36191004
                686bf1c5-b859-4ab8-aae3-0a15d546d1f0

                This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.

                History
                : 9 May 2022
                : 6 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 9, Pages: 25
                Funding
                Funded by: State of Florida
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: State University System of Florida Legislative Budget Request
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Florida International University start-up package
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the State of Florida through the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 State University System of Florida Legislative Budget Request and a Florida International University start-up package. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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