* This article is based on my research during two collaborative projects sponsored
by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, to whom I am most grateful for their
support. A slightly different version of this lecture was delivered at the Joint Annual
Conference of the Fritz Bauer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, and the Imre Kertész Kolleg
Jena, “The Holocaust and the Cold War: Culture and Justice”, 26–8 May 2021.