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      Introdução à dádiva

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          Abstract

          O artigo examina, inicialmente, esquemas explicativos fundados nas noções de interesse, de racionalidade e de utilidade, que, sob várias denominações, gozam, nas ciências humanas, de um "privilégio paradigmático". Embora tais modelos apresentem atrativos inegáveis, possuem limitações evidentes, assim como aqueles ligados ao "outro paradigma" dominante, o holismo. Tais modelos mostram-se incapazes de dar conta de grande parte da ação humana, notadamente da esfera de ação que se pode remeter ao que o autor denomina "sistema de dádiva". Propõe-se, assim, na idéia de dádiva, um modelo explicativo alternativo para os dois paradigmas dominantes, inspirado no pensamento de Marcel Mauss, que nos permitiria partir de pressupostos diferentes, colocar novas questões e encontrar outras respostas.

          Translated abstract

          Prémièrement, l'article examine les schémas explicatifs fondés sur les notions d'interêt, rationnalité et utilité, lesques, sous plusieurs noms, possèdent un "privilège paradigmatique" en sciences humaines. Bien que ces modèles présentent des véritables attractifs, ils font preuve aussi de limitations évidentes, autant que les modèles associés à "l'autre paradigme" dominant, c'est-à-dire, le holisme. Ces modèles se revèlent incapables d'expliquer une grande partie des actions humaines, surtout celles qui peuvent être placées dans ce que l'auteur appelle le "système du don". On propose, donc, basé sur l'idée de don, un modèle explicatif alternatif aux deux paradigmes dominants, inspiré par la pensée de Marcel Mauss, qui nous permettrait de partir d'autres préssuposés, poser d'autres questions et trouver d'autres réponses.

          Translated abstract

          Firstly, the article surveys explicative schemes based on notions such as interest, rationality and utility; under several different names, they have a "paradigmatical privilege" in human sciences. Although these models seem to have an undeniable appeal, they also possess evident limitations, as much as the alternative models based on the "other dominating paradigm", that is, holism. They all reveal themselves to be unable to explain a great deal of human actions, specially those which can be placed under what the author calls "the system of gift". An alternative explicative model to the ruling paradigms is then presented, based on the idea of gift; it is inspired by the thinking of Marcel Mauss, and it may provide different presuppositions, new questions and new answers.

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          Most cited references22

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          Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and State

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            The Great Transformation. The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time

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              The Moral Dimension – towards a New Economics

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                s_rbcsoc
                Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais
                Rev. bras. ciênc. soc.
                Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais - ANPOCS (São Paulo )
                0102-6909
                October 1998
                : 13
                : 38
                : 39-52
                Article
                S0102-69091998000300002
                10.1590/S0102-69091998000300002
                7adc69ca-ad76-4296-b9f4-8e30ab89b3d6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Don,Paradigme,Marcel Mauss,Anti utilitarisme,Gift,Paradigm,Anti-utilitarism,Dom,Paradigma,Antiutilitarismo

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