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      La chasse aux pauvres : Une obsession sécuritaire en France (fin XVIIIe-début XXIe siècles) Translated title: Hunting the poor: A security obsession in France (late 18th-early 21st centuries) Translated title: A caça aos pobres: Uma obsessão pela segurança em França (final do século XVIII-início do século XXI)

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          Abstract

          Résumé Depuis la fin du Moyen Âge, la chasse aux pauvres a pris des dimensions répressives d’une ampleur sans précédent. À cet égard, la période contemporaine s’inscrit dans cette longue tradition multiséculaire. Trois moments s’identifient singulièrement aux tournants des XVIIIe-XIXe, XIXe-XXe, XXe-XXIe siècles où s’impose une forte recrudescence de la pauvreté, de la mendicité et du vagabondage. Dans les campagnes comme dans les villes, ces figures marginales affolent la société et les pouvoirs publics au point de se transformer en véritable obsession sécuritaire. Celle-ci trouve sa traduction dans la loi par une nouvelle et durable criminalisation des mendiants et des vagabonds (Code pénal de 1810 : articles 269-282) et par tout un arsenal de moyens de surveillance, d’identification et de contrôle des mobilités (passeport, livret ouvrier, haute police, loi de mai 1885 sur la relégation des multirécidivistes, arrêtés anti-mendicité et loi de 2003 sur la sécurité intérieure, etc.).

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Since the end of the Middle Ages, the hunt for the poor has taken on repressive dimensions on an unprecedented scale. In this respect, the contemporary period is part of this long, centuries-old tradition. Three periods in particular stand out: the eighteenth and nineteenth, the nineteenth and twentieth and the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, when poverty, begging and vagrancy were on the increase. In the countryside as in the cities, these marginal figures panicked society and the public authorities to the point of becoming a veritable obsession with security. This was translated into law by a new and lasting criminalization of beggars and vagrants (Penal Code of 1810: articles 269-282) and by a whole arsenal of means of surveillance, identification, and control of mobility (passport, workers’ booklet, high police force, law of May 1885 on the relegation of repeat offenders, anti-begging decrees and law of 2003 on internal security, etc.).

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Desde o final da Idade Média que a caça aos pobres assumiu dimensões repressivas a uma escala sem precedentes. Neste sentido, o período contemporâneo insere-se nesta longa e secular tradição. Três momentos são singularmente identificados como pontos de viragem dos séculos XVIII-XIX, XIX-XX e XX-XXI, nos quais se verificou um forte aumento da pobreza, da mendicidade e da vadiagem. Tanto no campo como nas cidades, estas figuras marginais assustavam a sociedade e as autoridades públicas ao ponto de se transformarem numa verdadeira obsessão pela segurança. Isto encontra a sua tradução no Direito através de uma nova e duradoura criminalização de mendigos e vagabundos (Código Penal de 1810: artigos 269-282) e de todo um arsenal de meios de vigilância, identificação e controlo da mobilidade (passaporte, carteira profissional, elevado efetivo policial, lei de maio de 1885 sobre a relegação dos reincidentes, ordens anti mendicância, lei de 2003 sobre segurança interna, etc.).

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          Most cited references95

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          Les Pauvres au Moyen Âge

          M MOLLAT (1978)
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            Les exclus : Un français sur dix

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              Classes laborieuses et classes dangereuses à Paris pendant la première moitié du XIXe siècle

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cam
                Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal
                Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal
                Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa / Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                2183-3176
                December 2024
                : ser2
                : 22
                : e202421
                Affiliations
                [1] Rouen-Normandie Mont-Saint-Aignan orgnameUniversité de Rouen-Normandie orgdiv1Groupe de Recherche d’Histoire France Antony.kitts@ 123456laposte.net
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4242-505X
                Article
                S2183-31762024000200304 S2183-3176(24)00202200304
                10.48751/cam-2024-22372
                7f82d4f5-ce87-4fb1-934e-93732450dc12

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 December 2023
                : 15 November 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 98, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Portugal


                Beggar,Poor,Sécurité,Répression,Vagabonds,Mendiants,Pauvres,Segurança,Repressão,Vagabundos,Mendigos,Pobres,Security,Vagrant,Repression

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