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      Einfluss der Bildschirmzeit auf die Schlafqualität Studierender Translated title: Influence of screen time on the sleep quality of students

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          Abstract

          Einleitung

          Die regenerative Wirkung des Schlafes ist für die körperliche, kognitive, emotionale und behaviorale Tagesleistung im Studium von essenzieller Bedeutung. Neben dem Stress im Studierendenalltag nimmt auch die Nutzung der Bildschirmgeräte im Vordergrund der pandemiebedingten Onlinelehre drastisch zu. Insbesondere in den Abend- und Nachtstunden kann die erhöhte Bildschirmnutzung zu einer physischen, psychischen und kognitiven Aktivierung beitragen, was wiederum die Schlafqualität der Studierenden negativ beeinflussen kann.

          Methoden

          Zur Ermittlung möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen der Bildschirmnutzung in der Onlinelehre sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Schlafhygiene und -qualität nahmen 216 Studierende der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal anonym und freiwillig an der Onlinebefragung im Mai 2021 teil. Das positive Ethikvotum liegt vor.

          Ergebnisse

          Die allgemeine Schlafqualität der Studierendenschaft ist bei 68,9 % ( n = 149) der befragten Studierenden als schlecht zu bewerten. Besonders Studierende, die vorwiegend am Abend oder in der Nacht für ihr Studium an Bildschirmgeräten arbeiteten und somit chronobiologisch eine Tendenz zu einem Abendtyp aufwiesen, neigten zu einem schlechteren Schlaf.

          Diskussion

          Die Auswirkungen langer Bildschirmzeiten in den Abend- und Nachtstunden können weitreichende Folgen für den Schlafrhythmus und das Bewusstsein für die körperlichen Bedürfnisse nach Pausen und Schlaf haben. Besonders die Onlinelehre in Zeiten der Coronapandemie führte zu einer Erhöhung der Bildschirmzeit neben der ebenso hohen privaten Nutzung. Daraus könnte eine weiterhin negative Beeinträchtigung der Schlafhygiene und -qualität nicht nur auf Kosten der Konzentrations- und Leistungsfähigkeit am Tage, sondern vielmehr der physischen und psychischen Gesundheit resultieren.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          The restorative effects of sleep are essential for physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral daily performance in college. In addition to the stress of everyday student life, the use of screen devices at the forefront of pandemic-related online teaching is also increasing dramatically. Particularly during evening and nighttime hours, increased screen use may contribute to physical, psychological, and cognitive activation, which in turn may negatively affect students’ sleep quality.

          Methods

          To determine possible associations between screen use in online teaching and its effects on sleep hygiene and quality, 216 students at Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences anonymously and voluntarily participated in the online survey in May 2021. The positive ethics vote is available.

          Results

          The general sleep quality of the student body can be rated as poor in 68.9% ( n = 149) of the surveyed students. In particular, students who worked predominantly on screen devices in the evening or at nighttime for their studies, and thus had a chronobiological tendency to be a night person, tended to have poorer sleep.

          Discussion

          The effects of long screen time in the evening and nighttime hours can have far-reaching consequences on sleep patterns and awareness of physical needs for breaks and sleep. Online teaching in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in particular led to an increase in screen time alongside equally high levels of personal use. This could result in a continued negative impact on sleep hygiene and quality, not only at the expense of daytime concentration and performance but rather of physical and mental health.

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          Most cited references26

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          The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

          Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with "good" sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and "poor" sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score greater than 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
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            The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review.

            Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality and sleepiness are common problems in children and adolescents being related to learning, memory and school performance. The associations between sleep quality (k=16 studies, N=13,631), sleep duration (k=17 studies, N=15,199), sleepiness (k=17, N=19,530) and school performance were examined in three separate meta-analyses including influential factors (e.g., gender, age, parameter assessment) as moderators. All three sleep variables were significantly but modestly related to school performance. Sleepiness showed the strongest relation to school performance (r=-0.133), followed by sleep quality (r=0.096) and sleep duration (r=0.069). Effect sizes were larger for studies including younger participants which can be explained by dramatic prefrontal cortex changes during (early) adolescence. Concerning the relationship between sleep duration and school performance age effects were even larger in studies that included more boys than in studies that included more girls, demonstrating the importance of differential pubertal development of boys and girls. Longitudinal and experimental studies are recommended in order to gain more insight into the different relationships and to develop programs that can improve school performance by changing individuals' sleep patterns. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review.

              Electronic media have often been considered to have a negative impact on the sleep of children and adolescents, but there are no comprehensive reviews of research in this area. The present study identified 36 papers that have investigated the relationship between sleep and electronic media in school-aged children and adolescents, including television viewing, use of computers, electronic gaming, and/or the internet, mobile telephones, and music. Many variables have been investigated across these studies, although delayed bedtime and shorter total sleep time have been found to be most consistently related to media use. A model of the mechanisms by which media use may affect sleep is presented and discussed as a vehicle for future research. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sophie.nestler@med.ovgu.de
                Journal
                Somnologie (Berl)
                Somnologie (Berl)
                Somnologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                1432-9123
                1439-054X
                1 June 2022
                1 June 2022
                : 1-8
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.5807.a, ISNI 0000 0001 1018 4307, Bereich Arbeitsmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät, , Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, ; Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Deutschland
                Article
                357
                10.1007/s11818-022-00357-5
                9158308
                35669939
                89d44dcb-3509-4ea0-9514-c427cfcde943
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden.

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                History
                : 4 May 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (3121)
                Categories
                Originalien

                schlafprävention,mediennutzung,chronotyp,online-lehre,covid-19 pandemie,sleep prevention,media usage,chronotype,online teaching,covid-19 pandemic

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