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      Representations of the san Pedro (Trichocereus spp.) cactus flower and the Anadenanthera colubrina plant in Wari textiles and Tiwanaku art Translated title: Representaciones de la flor del cactus san Pedro (Trichocereus spp.)y la planta Anadenanthera colubrina en tejidos wari y el arte Tiwanaku

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: The san Pedro mescaline-rich cacti (Trichocereus spp.) and Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca in Kichwa) are entheogens (whatever brings one to the divine) prominent in Andean art. I discuss the cactus's ten-inch-wide crowning flower and many of its motif variants in sixty-four Wari textiles. Artistic renderings correspond closely with the flower's botanical parts: bud (containing the ovary/ovule/eggs) plus its central tipped vertical (style, stigma) flanked by stalks with tips (filaments, anthers). By revealing the interior components, the flower as it bursts into bloom is evoked. This motif is assigned to parts of the staff-bearer (renamed Transforming Being), including the eyepiece and vocalization and aural emanations. It conveys the multisensory trance experience of the Transforming Being catalyzed by ingesting san Pedro brew. The cactus imagery is consistently paired, even conflated, with vilca leaf and flower motifs, to which is added the jagged tree bark. The pairing of the two sacred plants proclaims specifically highland visionary power and suggests they were ritually consumed simultaneously, even mixed together.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: El san Pedro (Trichocereus spp.), un cactus rico en mescalina, y la Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca en kichwa), son plantas enteógenas (cosas que nos llevan a lo divino) prominentes en el arte andino. Este artículo explora la flor que corona este cactus (de diez pulgadas de ancho) y las numerosas variantes de este motivo exhibidas en 64 textiles wari. Las representaciones artísticas de la flor corresponden estrechamente con sus partes botánicas, su botón (que contiene ovario/óvulo/semillas) más su punta central vertical (estilo, estigma) flanqueada por tallos con puntas (filamentos, anteras). La revelación de estos componentes interiores evoca deforma abstracta la flor en plena floración. Este motivo es asignado a partes del portador de báculo (renombrado Ser en Transformación), incluyendo el elemento ocular y las emanaciones auditivas y de vocalización. Así, transmiten la experiencia de trance multisensorial del Ser en Transformación catalizada por la ingesta de san Pedro. Las imágenes del cactus son emparejadas sistemáticamente, e incluso fusionados, con motivos de la flor y las hojas de la vilca, a los que se añade la corteza del árbol dentada. Este emparejamiento de las dos plantas sagradas proclama un poder visionario específico de las tierras altas y sugiere que estas plantas fueron consumidas ritualmente de manera simultánea, incluso mezclándolas.

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          Most cited references63

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          A taxonomic study of the genus Anadenanthera

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            The iconography of the Prehispanic snuff trays from San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile

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              Beneficial effects of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan extract on the inflammatory and nociceptive responses in rodent models.

              Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, popularly known as "angico", is a plant that has been widely used in folk medicine due to its anti-inflammatory property. To evaluate the pharmacological activities of this plant, studies were performed on its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. The AE of Anadenanthera colubrina, made from the bark, was used in rodents via oral route (p.o.), at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg in classical models of nociception (acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate test) and inflammation evoked by carrageenan (e.g., paw edema, peritonitis, and synovitis). The acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes in mice were significantly reduced (P<0.001) by oral treatment with the extract (100, 200, and 400mg/kg), but the extract did not significantly increase the latency in the nociceptive hot-plate test. Anadenanthera colubrina aqueous extract reduced significantly the edema and, besides, diminished the mieloperoxidase activity (200 and 400mg/kg, P<0.01). The carrageenan-induced peritonitis was significantly reduced (P<0.05) by the aqueous extract at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg. The aqueous extract (200mg/kg) reduces the synovial leukocyte infiltration on carrageenan-induced synovitis in rats (P<0.01), but failed to significantly affect joint swelling and impaired mobility. We show for the first time that the anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activities of Anadenanthera colubrina are consistent, at least in part, with the use of this plant in popular medicine practices. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bmchap
                Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
                Bol. Mus. Chil. Arte Precolomb.
                Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-6894
                2023
                : 28
                : 1
                : 221-246
                Affiliations
                [1] Atlanta Georgia orgnameEmory University orgdiv1Art History Department United States rrstone@ 123456emory.edu
                Article
                S0718-68942023000100221 S0718-6894(23)02800100221
                10.56522/bmchap.0070010280003
                9aeb53f6-2ab7-4627-aa67-86d3c5ee90df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : January 2021
                : November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Anadenanthera colubrina,Tiwanaku,Wari,enteógeno,Trichocereus pachanoi,entheogen,Trichocereuspachanoi

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