Covalent surface modifications and superconductivity of two-dimensional metal carbide MXenes

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Abstract

Versatile chemical transformations of surface functional groups in 2D transition-metal carbides (MXenes) open up a new design space for this broad class of functional materials. We introduce a general strategy to install and remove surface groups by performing substitution and elimination reactions in molten inorganic salts. Successful synthesis of MXenes with O, NH, S, Cl, Se, Br, and Te surface terminations, as well as bare MXenes (no surface termination) was demonstrated. These MXenes show distinctive structural and electronic properties. For example, the surface groups control interatomic distances in the MXene lattice, and Tin+1Cn (n = 1, 2) MXenes terminated with Te2– ligands show a giant, (>18%) in-plane lattice expansion compared to the bulk TiC lattice. Nb2C MXenes exhibited surface-group-dependent superconductivity.

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Most cited references 46

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Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene)

Babak Anasori, Leah Clark, Pavel Lelyukh … (2017)

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Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides.

Olha Mashtalir, Michael Naguib, Vadym Mochalin … (2013)

Intercalation and delamination of two-dimensional solids in many cases is a requisite step for exploiting their unique properties. Herein we report on the intercalation of two-dimensional Ti3C2, Ti3CN and TiNbC-so called MXenes. Intercalation of hydrazine, and its co-intercalation with N,N-dimethylformamide, resulted in increases of the c-lattice parameters of surface functionalized f-Ti3C2, from 19.5 to 25.48 and 26.8 Å, respectively. Urea is also intercalated into f-Ti3C2. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that a hydrazine monolayer intercalates between f-Ti3C2 layers. Hydrazine is also intercalated into f-Ti3CN and f-TiNbC. When dimethyl sulphoxide is intercalated into f-Ti3C2, followed by sonication in water, the f-Ti3C2 is delaminated forming a stable colloidal solution that is in turn filtered to produce MXene 'paper'. The latter shows excellent Li-ion capacity at extremely high charging rates.

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New two-dimensional niobium and vanadium carbides as promising materials for Li-ion batteries.

Michael Naguib, Joseph Halim, Jun Lu … (2013)

New two-dimensional niobium and vanadium carbides have been synthesized by selective etching, at room temperature, of Al from Nb2AlC and V2AlC, respectively. These new matrials are promising electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, demonstrating good capability to handle high charge-discharge rates. Reversible capacities of 170 and 260 mA·h·g(-1) at 1 C, and 110 and 125 mA·h·g(-1) at 10 C were obtained for Nb2C and V2C-based electrodes, respectively.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Science

Abbreviated Title: Science

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

ISSN (Print): 0036-8075

ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203

Publication date (Electronic): July 02 2020

Page: eaba8311

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

[2 ]Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.

[3 ]Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.

Article

DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8311

PubMed ID: 32616671

SO-VID: aa0a6462-bd2f-48e9-8860-3c36f0786605

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