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      Erfassung von numerischen Kompetenzen im Kindergarten : Eine Analyse ausgewählter Tests

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      Lernen und Lernstörungen
      Hogrefe Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Numerische Kompetenzen von Kindergartenkindern wie das Zählen, die Identifikation arabischer Zahlen, der Mengenvergleich sowie die Verbindung zwischen Zahlen und Mengen gelten als zentrale Prädiktoren für die mathematische Entwicklung. Um diese Kompetenzen im Kindergartenalter zuverlässig zu erfassen, braucht es geeignete Instrumente, die psychometrische, fachliche und didaktische Anforderungen erfüllen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum existieren bereits mehrere Tests zur Erfassung der numerischen Kompetenzen im Kindergarten. Diese werden im Rahmen dieses Artikels analysiert. Methoden: Sechs Tests aus dem deutschen Sprachraum wurden entlang des Testinhalts, psychometrischer Kriterien und des Aufgabenformats analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Analysen haben gezeigt, dass zwischen den Tests teilweise große Unterschiede bestehen und nicht alle den psychometrischen Anforderungen genügen. Diskussion: Die Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem bei der inhaltlichen Validität sowie den Aufgabenformaten Entwicklungspotential besteht.

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          Varieties of numerical abilities.

          This paper provides a tutorial introduction to numerical cognition, with a review of essential findings and current points of debate. A tacit hypothesis in cognitive arithmetic is that numerical abilities derive from human linguistic competence. One aim of this special issue is to confront this hypothesis with current knowledge of number representations in animals, infants, normal and gifted adults, and brain-lesioned patients. First, the historical evolution of number notations is presented, together with the mental processes for calculating and transcoding from one notation to another. While these domains are well described by formal symbol-processing models, this paper argues that such is not the case for two other domains of numerical competence: quantification and approximation. The evidence for counting, subitizing and numerosity estimation in infants, children, adults and animals is critically examined. Data are also presented which suggest a specialization for processing approximate numerical quantities in animals and humans. A synthesis of these findings is proposed in the form of a triple-code model, which assumes that numbers are mentally manipulated in an arabic, verbal or analogical magnitude code depending on the requested mental operation. Only the analogical magnitude representation seems available to animals and preverbal infants.
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            Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation in den Sozial- und Humanwissenschaften

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              Number development and developmental dyscalculia.

              There is a growing consensus that the neuropsychological underpinnings of developmental dyscalculia (DD) are a genetically determined disorder of 'number sense', a term denoting the ability to represent and manipulate numerical magnitude nonverbally on an internal number line. However, this spatially-oriented number line develops during elementary school and requires additional cognitive components including working memory and number symbolization (language). Thus, there may be children with familial-genetic DD with deficits limited to number sense and others with DD and comorbidities such as language delay, dyslexia, or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. This duality is supported by epidemiological data indicating that two-thirds of children with DD have comorbid conditions while one-third have pure DD. Clinically, they differ according to their profile of arithmetic difficulties. fMRI studies indicate that parietal areas (important for number functions), and frontal regions (dominant for executive working memory and attention functions), are under-activated in children with DD. A four-step developmental model that allows prediction of different pathways for DD is presented. The core-system representation of numerical magnitude (cardinality; step 1) provides the meaning of 'number', a precondition to acquiring linguistic (step 2), and Arabic (step 3) number symbols, while a growing working memory enables neuroplastic development of an expanding mental number line during school years (step 4). Therapeutic and educational interventions can be drawn from this model.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Lernen und Lernstörungen
                Lernen und Lernstörungen
                Hogrefe Publishing Group
                2235-0977
                2235-0985
                March 03 2023
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institut für Erziehungswissenschaft, Universität Zürich, Schweiz
                Article
                10.1024/2235-0977/a000409
                af54356b-27b5-47a3-8f7e-e6208767dcd9
                © 2023
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