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      From Terman to Today : A Century of Findings on Intellectual Precocity

      Review of Educational Research
      American Educational Research Association (AERA)

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          The Matthew Effect in Science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered.

          R K Merton (1968)
          This account of the Matthew effect is another small exercise in the psychosociological analysis of the workings of science as a social institution. The initial problem is transformed by a shift in theoretical perspective. As originally identified, the Matthew effect was construed in terms of enhancement of the position of already eminent scientists who are given disproportionate credit in cases of collaboration or of independent multiple discoveries. Its significance was thus confined to its implications for the reward system of science. By shifting the angle of vision, we note other possible kinds of consequences, this time for the communication system of science. The Matthew effect may serve to heighten the visibility of contributions to science by scientists of acknowledged standing and to reduce the visibility of contributions by authors who are less well known. We examine the psychosocial conditions and mechanisms underlying this effect and find a correlation between the redundancy function of multiple discoveries and the focalizing function of eminent men of science-a function which is reinforced by the great value these men place upon finding basic problems and by their self-assurance. This self-assurance, which is partly inherent, partly the result of experiences and associations in creative scientific environments, and partly a result of later social validation of their position, encourages them to search out risky but important problems and to highlight the results of their inquiry. A macrosocial version of the Matthew principle is apparently involved in those processes of social selection that currently lead to the concentration of scientific resources and talent (50).
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            A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter

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              Spatial ability for STEM domains: Aligning over 50 years of cumulative psychological knowledge solidifies its importance.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Review of Educational Research
                Review of Educational Research
                American Educational Research Association (AERA)
                0034-6543
                1935-1046
                October 05 2016
                October 28 2016
                : 86
                : 4
                : 900-944
                Article
                10.3102/0034654316675476
                afcc12e4-f0ba-41c4-9faf-fc1c60f80a13
                © 2016

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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