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      Educating future physicians for francophone official language minority communities in Canada: a case study Translated title: Formation de futurs médecins pouvant servir les communautés francophones en situation minoritaire au Canada : une étude de cas

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          Abstract

          Background

          Over one million Francophone Canadians live in official language minority communities (OLMC) outside of Québec. Availability and accessibility of linguistically appropriate care to these OLMCs is lacking, resulting in poorer quality of care. To help address this health equity gap, the FrancoDoc program was created in 2015 to identify Francophone/Francophile medical students enrolled at medical faculties that use English as their primary language of instruction and equip them with skills to increase their medical French abilities. Little is known, however, about the affordances and limitations of this educational endeavour.

          Methods

          Our qualitative instrumental single case study explored participants’ experiences with FrancoDoc, while also examining factors shaping the delivery of linguistically appropriate healthcare services to OLMCs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with medical students from across Canada and thematically analyzed these using a reflexive, inductive approach.

          Results

          Four main themes were derived from 12 interviews: factors facilitating French language learning; barriers to French language learning; contextual factors shaping linguistically appropriate healthcare provision; and recommendations to improve healthcare education to better prepare learners to provide care to OLMCs.

          Conclusions

          Medical student participants are highly motivated to engage in educational activities linked to FrancoDoc. Their efforts are nonetheless frequently impeded by barriers such as time constraints, irregular event programming, lack of regular clinical learning opportunities, and lukewarm support from faculties of medicine. If medical faculties are to realize their obligations to the OLMCs that they serve, recognition of language as a specific social determinant of health and more robust institutional supports for initiatives like FrancoDoc are paramount.

          Translated abstract

          Contexte

          Plus d’un million de Canadiens francophones vivent dans des communautés de langue officielle en situation minoritaire (CLOSM) hors Québec. L’accessibilité de soins linguistiquement appropriés aux CLOSM est limitée. Par conséquent, la qualité des services qui leur sont offerts en souffre. Le programme FrancoDoc a été créé en 2015 pour aider à combler cette lacune sur le plan de l’équité en matière de santé. Il vise à offrir aux étudiants en médecine francophones ou francophiles dont l’anglais est la principale langue d’enseignement les moyens d’améliorer leurs compétences en français médical. Cependant, on sait peu de choses sur les possibilités et les limites de cette initiative éducative.

          Méthodes

          Notre étude qualitative instrumentale de cas unique a exploré les expériences des participants au programme FrancoDoc, tout en examinant les facteurs qui influencent la prestation de services de santé linguistiquement appropriés aux CLOSM. Nous avons mené des entrevues semi-structurées avec des étudiants en médecine de tout le Canada et nous en avons analysé le contenu thématiquement en utilisant une approche réflexive et inductive.

          Résultats

          Quatre thèmes principaux ont été dégagés des 12 entrevues réalisées : les facteurs facilitant l’apprentissage du français; les obstacles à l’apprentissage du français; les facteurs contextuels influençant la prestation de soins de santé linguistiquement appropriés; et les recommandations visant à améliorer l’enseignement en soins de santé de manière à préparer les apprenants à servir les CLOSM.

          Conclusions

          Bien que très motivés par le programme FrancoDoc, les étudiants participants se heurtent à des obstacles comme les contraintes de temps, la programmation irrégulière des activités, le manque d’occasions d’apprentissage clinique régulier et la réticence des facultés de médecine. Or, pour remplir leurs obligations envers les CLOSM qu’elles servent, il est essentiel que les facultés de médecine reconnaissent la langue comme un déterminant social spécifique de la santé et qu’elles offrent un soutien solide aux initiatives comme le programme FrancoDoc.

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          Most cited references46

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          Using thematic analysis in psychology

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            Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis

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              Sample Size in Qualitative Interview Studies: Guided by Information Power

              Sample sizes must be ascertained in qualitative studies like in quantitative studies but not by the same means. The prevailing concept for sample size in qualitative studies is "saturation." Saturation is closely tied to a specific methodology, and the term is inconsistently applied. We propose the concept "information power" to guide adequate sample size for qualitative studies. Information power indicates that the more information the sample holds, relevant for the actual study, the lower amount of participants is needed. We suggest that the size of a sample with sufficient information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategy. We present a model where these elements of information and their relevant dimensions are related to information power. Application of this model in the planning and during data collection of a qualitative study is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can Med Educ J
                Can Med Educ J
                CMEJ
                Canadian Medical Education Journal
                Canadian Medical Education Journal
                1923-1202
                19 June 2023
                30 December 2023
                December 2023
                : 14
                : 6
                : 20-30
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada;
                [2 ]Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
                [3 ]Department of General Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada;
                [4 ]Women’s College Hospital, Ontario, Canada
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Brett Schrewe, P. A. Woodward Instructional Resources Centre (IRC), 429 – 2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3; email: brett.schrewe@ 123456cw.bc.ca

                Edited by: Tim Dubé (section editor); Christina St. Onge (senior section editor); Marcel D’Eon (editor-in-chief)

                Article
                CMEJ-14-020
                10.36834/cmej.75300
                10787852
                38226309
                b959a73d-4d3c-4b2c-b97f-31fd2537de64
                © 2023 Schrewe, Yeuchyk, El Hafid, Nyhof-Young; licensee Synergies Partners.

                This is an Open Journal Systems article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is Accessed on.

                History
                Funding
                Funding
                This study received partial funding from the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) to support transcription costs.
                Categories
                Original Research

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