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      Identidade cifrada no corpo: o bertillonnage e o gabinete antropométrico na polícia do Rio de Janeiro, 1894-1903 Translated title: Identity enciphered in the body: the bertillonnage and the anthropometric office in the police of Rio de Janeiro, 1894-1903

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          Abstract

          Nos primeiros anos republicanos do Brasil, vários juristas, criminologistas e policiais difundiram uma novidade recém-chegada da França: o sistema antropométrico para a identificação de pessoas, adotado na polícia parisiense por iniciativa de Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914). A ideia de introduzir o método chamado bertillonnage no Brasil apareceu, desde 1889, em relatórios governamentais, livros de viagem e jornais. Um gabinete antropométrico foi instalado na polícia do Rio de Janeiro em 1894, mas quase não funcionou até 1899, quando foi reorganizado e, em 1900, a identificação de criminosos pelo método foi estabelecida por decreto. Instrumentos de medição e livros foram trazidos de Paris, a 'metrópole' da identificação policial, mas a história do gabinete antropométrico da então capital brasileira não deve ser interpretada simplesmente como um processo de aplicação imitativa de um método estrangeiro. É o que demonstra este artigo, que procura analisar a constituição transnacional do bertillonnage e os complexos processos de leitura, tradução e adaptação envolvidos no uso da antropometria no âmbito das práticas policiais no Rio de Janeiro.

          Translated abstract

          In the early years of Brazilian Republic, several lawyers, criminologists and policemen broadcast a novelty recently arrived from France: the anthropometric system for identifying people, adopted at the Parisian police by Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914). The idea of introducing the method called bertillonnage appeared in Brazil, since 1889, in government reports, travel books and newspapers. An Anthropometric Office was installed in the police of Rio de Janeiro in 1894, but barely worked until 1899, when it was reorganized and, in 1900, the identification of criminals by the method was established by a government decree. Measuring instruments and books were brought from Paris, the 'metropolis' of police identification, but the history of the Anthropometric Office of the Brazilian capital should not be interpreted as a simple process of imitation of a foreign method. This article examines the transnational constitution of the bertillonnage and the complex processes of reading, translation and adaptation involved in the use of anthropometry in the context of police practices in Rio de Janeiro.

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          Crime e loucura: o aparecimento do manicômio judiciário na passagem do século.

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            Médicos e assassinos na Belle Époque: a medicalização do crime

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bgoeldi
                Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas
                Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.
                MCTI/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (Belém )
                2178-2547
                December 2012
                : 7
                : 3
                : 721-742
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S1981-81222012000300007
                10.1590/S1981-81222012000300007
                c01c6289-beb2-4c35-87a9-9e7e5ae05929

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1981-8122&lng=en
                Categories
                ANTHROPOLOGY
                ARCHAEOLOGY

                Archaeology,Anthropology
                Anthropometry,Police,Identification,Criminal files,Antropometria,Polícia,Identificação,Arquivos criminais

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