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      Factores determinantes en la división sexual del trabajo en la industria textil costarricense (1960-1980) Translated title: Determining factors in the sexual division of labor in teh Costa Rican textile industry (1960-1980)

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          Abstract

          Resumen El siguiente artículo tiene como propósito identificar los factores que intervienen en la división sexual del trabajo obrero en la industria textil costarricense fuertemente feminizada entre 1960 y 1980, época de auge de la producción textil en este país. El análisis de fuentes primarias de diversas índoles reveló la diversidad de los factores y actores en juego. La investigación se fundamenta en el examen de las planillas de varias empresas del sector textil, de expedientes por persecución sindical, de fuentes periodísticas y del Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje. También se recurrió a entrevistas a trabajadoras y empresarios y a la literatura para reconstruir el contexto sociocultural. De esa investigación, se desprende que aun en un contexto de escasez de mano de obra en la industria textil costarricense, los empresarios no renuncian a su visión de género y siguen organizando el trabajo en torno a la categoría de género. Las normas jurídicas, los modelos familiares, los sindicatos heredan también esa visión de género y contribuyen a su vez a perpetuar esa división sexual del trabajo. Patriarcado y capitalismo se nutren mutuamente en ese proceso, resultando para las obreras un lugar subordinado en el proceso de producción, el cual se traduce en fuertes desigualdades salariales en detrimento de ellas. Si bien existen organizaciones feministas para cuestionar esa visión, no logran transformar sus reivindicaciones en un movimiento colectivo de envergadura nacional.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The following article aims to identify the determining factors in the sexual division of labor in the Costa Rican textile industry, which was strongly feminized between 1960 and 1980, a time of boom in textile production in this country. The analysis of primary and diverse sources revealed the diversity of the factors and actors involved. The investigation is based on the examination of the worksheets of several companies in the textile sector, of files for union persecution, of journalistic sources, and of the National Professional Learning Institute. Interviews with women workers and employers and literature were also used to reconstruct the sociocultural context. From this research, it appears that, even in a context of labor shortages in the Costa Rican textile industry, employers did not renounce to their gender vision and continue to organize work around the gender category. Legal norms, family models, and unions also inherit this gender vision and in turn contribute to perpetuating this sexual division of labor. Patriarchy and capitalism mutually nurtured each other in this process, resulting in a subordinate place in the production process for women, which translates into strong wage inequalities to the detriment of women workers. Although feminist organizations exist to question this vision, they are unable to transform their demands into a collective movement of national importance.

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          Most cited references52

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          Doing the dirty work. Gender, race, and reproductive labor in historical perspective

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            Mujeres y hombres de la posguerra costarricense (1950-1960).

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              El origen de la familia , la propiedad privada y el Estado

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dreh
                Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia
                Diálogos rev. electr. hist
                Escuela de Historia. Universidad de Costa Rica (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1409-469X
                June 2021
                : 22
                : 1
                : 1-36
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica orgdiv1Escuela de Estudios Generales Costa Rica florence.merienne@ 123456ucr.ac.cr
                Article
                S1409-469X2021000100001 S1409-469X(21)02200100001
                10.15517/dre.v22i1.42922
                c0dc7d8c-e0c1-4554-8dfa-dbf41cf4725a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 July 2020
                : 20 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 36
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Historia de Costa Rica

                mujeres,history,women employment,social inequality,gender,women,trabajo de las mujeres,historia,género,desigualdad social

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