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      COVID-19 and the labour market: What are the working conditions in critical jobs?

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic has focused public attention on occupational groups that ensure the maintenance of critical infrastructure, provision of medical care and supply of essential goods. This paper examines the working conditions in critical jobs based on representative data from the German BAuA Working Time Survey 2019. Our analyses reveal that essential workers are more likely to perform unskilled or semiskilled activities and work in cleaning, transport and logistics, health care occupations as well as IT and natural science services. Regarding the working conditions, essential workers are paid comparatively less and are more physically proximate to others at work than nonessential workers. They more often work atypical hours, such as day and night shifts and on weekends, and have less autonomy in their working time. Additionally, critical jobs are characterised by muscular and skeletal strain due to working positions and carrying heavy loads significantly more often. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that work-related risks accumulate in critical jobs.

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          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12651-022-00315-6.

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          Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists

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            How many jobs can be done at home? ☆

            Evaluating the economic impact of “social distancing” measures taken to arrest the spread of COVID-19 raises a fundamental question about the modern economy: how many jobs can be performed at home? We classify the feasibility of working at home for all occupations and merge this classification with occupational employment counts. We find that 37% of jobs in the United States can be performed entirely at home, with significant variation across cities and industries. These jobs typically pay more than jobs that cannot be done at home and account for 46% of all US wages. Applying our occupational classification to 85 other countries reveals that lower-income economies have a lower share of jobs that can be done at home.
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              Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals

              Long working hours might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but prospective evidence is scarce, imprecise, and mostly limited to coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess long working hours as a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease and stroke.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                matthias.duetsch@geschaeftsstelle-mindestlohn.de
                Journal
                J Labour Mark Res
                J Labour Mark Res
                Journal for Labour Market Research
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                2510-5019
                2510-5027
                26 July 2022
                26 July 2022
                2022
                : 56
                : 1
                : 10
                Affiliations
                Secretariat of the German Minimum Wage Commission, c/o Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317 Berlin, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0936-2422
                Article
                315
                10.1186/s12651-022-00315-6
                9321290
                c3e9e8c9-77be-4356-a11c-6bac3a287fd2
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 17 June 2021
                : 5 July 2022
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                j81,j42,c31,covid-19 pandemic,critical jobs,working conditions,wages,physical proximity,working time patterns,physical working conditions

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