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      Comparison of external calibration and isotope dilution methods for iodine determination in foods by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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          Abstract

          This study sought to validate the external calibration curve (CAL) method for iodine analysis in 26 selected foods and then to compare the test result with the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). Iodine was extracted by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and determined by ICP-MS using CAL and IDMS methods. The results showed that iodine determination using the IDMS method had higher precision than the CAL method (LOD of the method were 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively). However, both methods showed good accuracy and precision for all SRM and the 26 food samples. Test results from both methods had a strong correlation (R 2 > 0.998) and no significant difference between the determination methods, even within test sample sectors based on the distribution in the AOAC food triangle ( p > 0.970). 129I spiked into the sample before or during alkaline extraction showed no significant difference in the test results ( p = 0.989).

          Highlights

          • This study validated the iodine analysis in food by ICP-MS method.

          • External calibration curve method was compared with the primary method of isotope dilution mass spectrometry.

          • Various food for iodine analysis was selected using the AOAC food triangle.

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          Most cited references29

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          Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function

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            GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020

            Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development. Diets in many countries cannot provide adequate iodine without iodine fortification of salt. In 2020, 124 countries have legislation for mandatory salt iodization and 21 have legislation allowing voluntary iodization. As a result, 88% of the global population uses iodized salt. For population surveys, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) should be measured and expressed as the median, in μg/L. The quality of available survey data is high: UIC surveys have been done in 152 out of 194 countries in the past 15 years; in 132 countries, the studies were nationally representative. The number of countries with adequate iodine intake has nearly doubled from 67 in 2003 to 118 in 2020. However, 21 countries remain deficient, while 13 countries have excessive intakes, either due to excess groundwater iodine, or over-iodized salt. Iodine programs are reaching the poorest of the poor: of the 15 poorest countries in the world, 10 are iodine sufficient and only 3 (Burundi, Mozambique and Madagascar) remain mild-to-moderately deficient. Nigeria and India have unstable food systems and millions of malnourished children, but both are iodine-sufficient and population coverage with iodized salt is a remarkable 93% in both. Once entrenched, iodine programs are often surprisingly durable even during national crises, for example, war-torn Afghanistan and Yemen are iodine-sufficient. However, the equity of iodized salt programs within countries remains an important issue. In summary, continued support of iodine programs is needed to sustain these remarkable global achievements, and to reach the remaining iodine-deficient countries.
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              Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond.

              The present review deals with the functional roles of iodine and its metabolism. The main biological function of iodine concerns its role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) by the thyroid gland. In addition, however, further biological roles of iodine have emerged. Precisely, due to its significant action as scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iodine is thought to represent one of the oldest antioxidants in living organisms. Moreover, iodine oxidation to hypoiodite (IO-) has been shown to possess strong bactericidal as well as antiviral and antifungal activity. Finally, and importantly, iodine has been demonstrated to exert antineoplastic effects in human cancer cell lines. Thus, iodine, through the action of different tissue-specific peroxidases, may serve different evolutionarily conserved physiological functions that, beyond TH biosynthesis, encompass antioxidant activity and defense against pathogens and cancer progression.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Food Chem X
                Food Chem X
                Food Chemistry: X
                Elsevier
                2590-1575
                24 December 2024
                January 2025
                24 December 2024
                : 25
                : 102119
                Affiliations
                [a ]Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
                [b ]Frontier Research Facility (MU-FRF), Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
                [c ]Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Ramistrasse 101, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. kunchit.jud@ 123456mahidol.ac.th
                Article
                S2590-1575(24)01007-1 102119
                10.1016/j.fochx.2024.102119
                11751426
                39844956
                c92a24af-ebfa-421e-b64f-c133da21295e
                © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

                History
                : 12 November 2024
                : 15 December 2024
                : 20 December 2024
                Categories
                Analytical Methods

                iodine analysis,calibration curve,isotope dilution,food matrix

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