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      APCC Special Report: Landnutzung und Klimawandel in Österreich 

      Kapitel 2. Auswirkungen der Landnutzung und -bewirtschaftung sowie naturnaher Ökosysteme auf den Klimawandel: Biophysikalische Effekte, Treibhausgasemissionen und Kohlenstoffspeicher

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          Zusammenfassung

          Kap. 2 beschreibt die Auswirkungen der Landnutzung und -bewirtschaftung auf den Klimawandel und bezieht nicht bewirtschaftete Ökosysteme explizit mit ein. Das zentrale Instrument für die Bilanzierung der Auswirkungen der österreichischen Landnutzung auf den Klimawandel ist die Treibhausgasinventur (THG-Inventur), die jährlich basierend auf international akkordierten Methoden erfasst und publiziert wird. Neben der Präsentation und Diskussion der Ergebnisse der THG-Inventur für die beiden Sektoren Landwirtschaft sowie Landnutzung, Landnutzungswechsel und Forstwirtschaft (LULUCF; beide Sektoren zusammen auch als AFOLU, für Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use, abgekürzt) werden in weiteren Abschnitten andere Aspekte, die zum Verständnis der Klimawirksamkeit von Landnutzung und Landbewirtschaftung auf den Klimawandel beitragen, vorgestellt.

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          Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers

          Food's environmental impacts are created by millions of diverse producers. To identify solutions that are effective under this heterogeneity, we consolidated data covering five environmental indicators; 38,700 farms; and 1600 processors, packaging types, and retailers. Impact can vary 50-fold among producers of the same product, creating substantial mitigation opportunities. However, mitigation is complicated by trade-offs, multiple ways for producers to achieve low impacts, and interactions throughout the supply chain. Producers have limits on how far they can reduce impacts. Most strikingly, impacts of the lowest-impact animal products typically exceed those of vegetable substitutes, providing new evidence for the importance of dietary change. Cumulatively, our findings support an approach where producers monitor their own impacts, flexibly meet environmental targets by choosing from multiple practices, and communicate their impacts to consumers.
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            The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology

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              Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property.

              Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily--and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.
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                Author and book information

                Book Chapter
                2024
                April 10 2024
                : 107-162
                10.1007/978-3-662-67864-0_4
                cf617f1a-ff83-41ba-8f22-fbe7c44b9acc
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