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      Callusing soil of grafted grape cuttings as a positive feature for climate change Translated title: Calosidade do solo de mudas de uva enxertadas como uma característica positiva para as mudanças climáticas

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          Abstract

          Abstract Nowadays, some relative warming temperatures related to climate change may be provided at the grafting time. Therefore, this study was conducted during two seasons (2018-2019) to study the effect of three callusing method (callusing room, callusing soil, callusing tunnel) and four grafting date (15 Jan., 1Feb., 15 Feb., 1 Mar.) for early (Flame seedless), medium (Thompson seedless) and late (Crimson seedless) grape varieties on grafted grape cuttings as short methods for transplant production. The results indicated that, the early grapes variety achieved higher grafting success on 1st Feb. grafting date as well as the late grape variety in callusing room and callusing soil methods. Also, Callusing soil achieved grafted success by 72.9%, 68.55% and 77.94% compared to callusing tunnel 37.3%, 45.9% and 55% for Flame seedless, Thompson seedless and Crimson seedless, respectively as mean of both seasons. High grafting success resulted from the high content of indole and sugars, along with low phenol content before callusing stage, as well as high indole and low sugars of grafts partner after callusing stage. while, higher phenols was accumulated in rootstock after callusing stage. There is no antagonistic effect between grafts partners. Callusing soil may be considered as an eco-friendly, sustainable and cheaper alternative tool for callusing of grafts cuttings.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Atualmente, algumas temperaturas relativas de aquecimento relacionadas às mudanças climáticas, podem ser fornecidas no momento da enxertia. Portanto, este estudo foi conduzido durante duas temporadas (2018-2019) para estudar o efeito de três métodos de calosidade (sala de calosidade, solo caloso, túnel de calosidade) e quatro datas de enxertia (15 de janeiro, 1º de fevereiro, 15 de fevereiro e 1º de março .) para castas precoces (sem sementes Flame), médias (sem sementes Thompson) e tardias (sem sementes Crimson), em estacas de uva enxertadas como métodos curtos para a produção de transplante. Os resultados indicaram que a variedade de uvas precoces obteve maior sucesso de enxertia na data de enxertia de 1º de fevereiro, bem como a variedade de uva tardia, em sala de calos e solo com calos. Além disso,o solo caloso obteve sucesso de enxertia em 72,9%, 68,55% e 77,94% em comparação com o túnel caloso 37,3%, 45,9% e 55% para sem sementes Flame, sem sementes Thompson e sem sementes Crimson, respectivamente como média de ambas as estações. O altosucesso da enxertia resultou do alto teor de indol e de açúcares, juntamente com baixo teor defenóis antes do estágio de calosidade; bem como alto teor de indol e baixo teor de açúcaresdos enxertos parceiros após o estágio de calosidade; enquanto, maiores fenóis foramacumulados no porta- enxerto após a fase de calosidade. Não há efeito antagônico entre parceiros de enxertos. O solo caloso pode ser considerado uma ferramenta alternativa ecologicamentecorreta, sustentável e mais barata para calosidade de estacas de enxertos.

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          Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress

          Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.
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            Graft-union development: a delicate process that involves cell–cell communication between scion and stock for local auxin accumulation

            Grafting is an ancient cloning method that has been used widely for thousands of years in agricultural practices. Graft-union development is also an intricate process that involves substantial changes such as organ regeneration and genetic material exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms for graft-union development are still largely unknown. Here, a micrografting method that has been used widely in Arabidopsis was improved to adapt it a smooth procedure to facilitate sample analysis and to allow it to easily be applied to various dicotyledonous plants. The developmental stage of the graft union was characterized based on this method. Histological analysis suggested that the transport activities of vasculature were recovered at 3 days after grafting (dag) and that auxin modulated the vascular reconnection at 2 dag. Microarray data revealed a signal-exchange process between cells of the scion and stock at 1 dag, which re-established the communication network in the graft union. This process was concomitant with the clearing of cell debris, and both processes were initiated by a wound-induced programme. The results demonstrate the feasibility and potential power of investigating various plant developmental processes by this method, and represent a primary and significant step in interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying graft-union development.
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              Climate change impacts in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region and their implications for vulnerable population groups

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbf
                Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura
                Rev. Bras. Frutic.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura (Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil )
                0100-2945
                1806-9967
                2024
                : 46
                : e-019
                Affiliations
                [01] Giza orgnameFaculty of Agriculture,Cairo university orgdiv1Pomology department Egypt
                Article
                S0100-29452024000101701 S0100-2945(24)04600001701
                10.1590/0100-29452024019
                d6c25a1d-5a93-4705-9937-b1731beffda0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2023
                : 04 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Propagation - Original Article

                Vitis vinifera,Vitis vinífera,indol,fenol,porta-enxerto,açúcar,indole,phenol,rootstock,sugar

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