La arboleda de Tupungato: Nota preliminar sobre el sitio fundacional hispánico del Valle de Uco, Mendoza

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Abstract

En el marco de nuestros proyectos de investigaciones históricas y arqueológicas en el Valle de Uco, en el centro oeste de Mendoza, presentamos los resultados preliminares de las prospecciones y excavaciones en la localidad La Arboleda. El objetivo específico del trabajo es la identificación de la distribución espacial de las ocupaciones indígenas pre y posthispánicas, y de las primeras instalaciones españolas en el área de estudio, particularmente las que se relacionan con la Estancia Jesuita de los siglos XVII-XVIII, cuyo asiento principal presumimos se ubicaba en ese sector. Los datos arqueológicos que atribuimos al siglo XVIII podrían sostener el relato histórico respecto de la ubicación del casco de la estancia, y la funcionalidad del predio para la matanza de animales, entre otras actividades.

Translated abstract

As part of our historical and archaeological research projects in Valle de Uco, Mendoza's Middle West, we present in this paper preliminary results of both archaeological surveys and diggings in La Arboleda. The specific aim of this paper is to identify the spatial distribution of pre and post- Hispanic indigenous occupations, and the fi rst Spanish settlements in the area of study. Specially, we are interested in the main settlement associated with the 17th and 18th centuries Jesuit Estancia. The archaeological data which we attribute to the 18th century could sustain the historical narrative about the Jesuit ranch house location, and the site functionality like a slaughterhouse, among other activities.

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Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

Anna K. Behrensmeyer (1978)

Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.