Evaluation of Some State-Of-The-Art Wind Technologies in the Nearshore of the Black Sea

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Abstract

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the nearshore wind resources in the Black Sea area by using a high resolution wind database (ERA-Interim). A subsequent objective was to estimate what type of wind turbines and wind farm configurations would be more suitable for this coastal environment. A more comprehensive picture of these resources was provided by including some satellite measurements, which were also used to assess the wind conditions in the vicinity of some already operating European wind projects. Based on the results of the present work, it seems that the Crimea Peninsula has the best wind resources. However, considering the current geopolitical situation, it seems that the sites on the western part of this basin (Romania and Bulgaria) would represent more viable locations for developing offshore wind projects. Since there are currently no operational wind projects in this marine area, some possible configurations for the future wind farms are proposed.

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Guillaume Taburet, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Yannice Faugere … (2016)

The new DUACS DT2014 reprocessed products have been available since April 2014. Numerous innovative changes have been introduced at each step of an extensively revised data processing protocol. The use of a new 20-year altimeter reference period in place of the previous 7-year reference significantly changes the sea level anomaly (SLA) patterns and thus has a strong user impact. The use of up-to-date altimeter standards and geophysical corrections, reduced smoothing of the along-track data, and refined mapping parameters, including spatial and temporal correlation-scale refinement and measurement errors, all contribute to an improved high-quality DT2014 SLA data set. Although all of the DUACS products have been upgraded, this paper focuses on the enhancements to the gridded SLA products over the global ocean. As part of this exercise, 21 years of data have been homogenized, allowing us to retrieve accurate large-scale climate signals such as global and regional MSL trends, interannual signals, and better refined mesoscale features. An extensive assessment exercise has been carried out on this data set, which allows us to establish a consolidated error budget. The errors at mesoscale are about 1.4 cm 2 in low-variability areas, increase to an average of 8.9 cm 2 in coastal regions, and reach nearly 32.5 cm 2 in high mesoscale activity areas. The DT2014 products, compared to the previous DT2010 version, retain signals for wavelengths lower than ∼  250 km, inducing SLA variance and mean EKE increases of, respectively, +5.1 and +15 %. Comparisons with independent measurements highlight the improved mesoscale representation within this new data set. The error reduction at the mesoscale reaches nearly 10 % of the error observed with DT2010. DT2014 also presents an improved coastal signal with a nearly 2 to 4 % mean error reduction. High-latitude areas are also more accurately represented in DT2014, with an improved consistency between spatial coverage and sea ice edge position. An error budget is used to highlight the limitations of the new gridded products, with notable errors in areas with strong internal tides.

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Information linkage, dynamic spillovers in prices and volatility between the carbon and energy markets

Qiang Ji, Jiang-bo Geng, Dayong Zhang (2018)

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Sustainability guardrails for energy scenarios of the global energy transition

Lassi Linnanen, Michael Child, Otto Koskinen … (2018)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): ENERGA

Title: Energies

Abbreviated Title: Energies

Publisher: MDPI AG

ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1073

Publication date Created: September 2018

Publication date (Electronic): September 15 2018

Volume: 11

Issue: 9

Page: 2452

Article

DOI: 10.3390/en11092452

SO-VID: e4d3539b-1720-4f42-9768-2bec8384e2e8

License:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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