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      Rettungsdienst, kassenärztlicher Notdienst oder Notaufnahme : Es gelingt der Bevölkerung nur unzureichend, die richtige Ressource für medizinische Akutfälle zu wählen Translated title: Emergency medical service, medical on-call service, or emergency department : Germans unsure whom to contact in acute medical events

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Bei medizinischen Akutfällen entscheiden Patienten eigenständig, ob sie den Rettungsdienst bzw. den ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienst der kassenärztlichen Vereinigung anrufen oder sich in der Notaufnahme vorstellen.

          Fragestellung

          Gelingt der Bevölkerung die angemessene Zuordnung verschiedener dringlicher Erkrankungen zu den unterschiedlichen Systemen?

          Material und Methoden

          In einer deutschlandweiten, anonymen telefonischen Befragung nach dem Gabler-Häder-Design im Sommer 2018 wurden 708 Personen jeweils 6 verschiedene Szenarien mit medizinischen Akutfällen geschildert. Die Befragten wurden gebeten anzugeben, ob sie kurzfristige medizinische Hilfe für erforderlich hielten. Zusätzlich wurde die subjektive Dringlichkeit der einzelnen Szenarien sowie die Kenntnis der Telefonnummern von Rettungsdienst und ärztlichem Bereitschaftsdienst erhoben.

          Ergebnisse

          Die Dringlichkeit der Szenarien wurde häufig fehleingeschätzt: bei Szenarien hoher Dringlichkeit zu 20 %, bei mittlerer Dringlichkeit zu 50 % und bei leichter Dringlichkeit zu 27 %. Zusätzlich misslang einigen Befragten die Ressourcenwahl, wenn sie medizinische Hilfe für erforderlich hielten: 25 % würden bei einem Apoplex bzw. Myokardinfarkt keinen Rettungsdienst rufen. Bei Erkrankungen mittlerer Dringlichkeit würden mehr Befragte eigenständig in die Notaufnahme gehen (38 %), als den ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienst zu alarmieren (46 %).

          Diskussion

          Das Wissen der Bevölkerung über die verschiedenen Ressourcen bei medizinischen Akutfällen und die Fähigkeit, die Dringlichkeit adäquat einzuschätzen, scheint nicht ausreichend zu sein. Die Lösung könnte neben einer Steigerung der Gesundheitskompetenz eine gemeinsame Telefonnummer für Rettungsdienst und ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienst mit einheitlichem Abfragetool und Ressourcenzuordnung sein.

          Zusatzmaterial online

          Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Onlineversion dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00063-021-00820-5) verfügbar. Sie enthält den Studienfragebogen. Beitrag und Zusatzmaterial stehen Ihnen auf www.springermedizin.de zur Verfügung. Bitte geben Sie dort den Beitragstitel in die Suche ein, das Zusatzmaterial finden Sie beim Beitrag unter „Ergänzende Inhalte“.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          In medical events, patients have to independently decide whom to contact: emergency medical services, medical on-call service or emergency department.

          Objectives

          Are Germans able to assess the urgency of medical events and choose the correct resource?

          Materials and methods

          In 2018 a nationwide anonymous telephone survey was done in Gabler–Haeder design. In all, 708 interviewees were presented with six medical scenarios. Participants were asked to rate urgency and to assess whether medical help was necessary within minutes to hours. Telephone numbers of emergency medical services and medical on-call service were inquired.

          Results

          Urgency of different scenarios was often misjudged: in cases with high, medium, and low urgency the misjudgement rate were 20, 50, and 27%, respectively. If medical help was rated as necessary, some participants chose the wrong service: 25% would not call an ambulance in stroke or myocardial infarction. In cases with medium urgency, more respondents chose to consult an emergency department (38%) than to call medical on-call service (46%).

          Conclusions

          Knowledge regarding different options for treatment of medical events and competence to assess urgency seem to be too low. Beside efforts to increase health literacy, one solution might be to introduce a joint telephone number for emergency medical services and medical on-call service with a uniform assessment tool and appropriate allocation.

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          Patients Attending Emergency Departments.

          The number of patients in emergency departments has risen steadily in recent years, with a particular increase in patients not requiring urgent treatment. The aim of this study is to characterize this group of patients with respect to their sociodemographic features, health status, and reasons for attending an emergency department.
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            Patient motives behind low-acuity visits to the emergency department in Germany: a qualitative study comparing urban and rural sites

            Objectives The increasing number of low-acuity visits to emergency departments (ED) is an important issue in Germany, despite the fact that all costs of inpatient and outpatient treatment are covered by mandatory health insurance. We aimed to explore the motives of patients categorised with low-acuity conditions for visiting an ED. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in two urban and one rural ED. We recruited a purposive sample of adults, who were assigned to the lowest two categories in the Manchester triage system. One-to-one interviews took place in the ED during patients' waiting time for treatment. Interview transcripts were analysed using the qualitative data management software MAXQDA. A qualitative content analysis approach was taken to identify motives and to compare the rural with the urban sites. Results A total of 86 patients were asked to participate; of these, n=15 declined participation and n=7 were excluded because they were admitted as inpatients, leaving a final sample of 40 female and 24 male patients. We identified three pathways leading to an ED visit: (1) without primary care contact, (2) after unsuccessful attempts to see a resident specialist or general practitioner (GP) and (3) recommendation to visit the ED by an outpatient provider. The two essential motives were (1) convenience and (2) health anxiety, triggered by time constraints and focused usage of multidisciplinary medical care in a highly equipped setting. All participants from the rural region were connected to a GP, whom they saw more or less regularly, while more interviewees from the urban site did not have a permanent GP. Still, motives to visit the ED were in general the same. Conclusions We conclude that the ED plays a pivotal role in ambulatory acute care which needs to be recognised for adequate resource allocation. Trial registration number DRK S00006053
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              Seeking ambulance treatment for ‘primary care’ problems: a qualitative systematic review of patient, carer and professional perspectives

              Objectives To understand the reasons behind, and experience of, seeking and receiving emergency ambulance treatment for a ‘primary care sensitive’ condition. Design A comprehensive, qualitative systematic review. Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Health Management Information Systems, Healthcare Management Information Consortium, OpenSigle, EThOS and Digital Archive of Research Theses databases were systematically searched for studies exploring patient, carer or healthcare professional interactions with ambulance services for ‘primary care sensitive’ problems. Studies using wholly qualitative approaches or mixed-methods studies with substantial use of qualitative techniques in both the methods and analysis sections were included. An analytical thematic synthesis was undertaken, using a line-by-line qualitative coding method and a hierarchical inductive approach. Results Of 1458 initial results, 33 studies met the first level (relevance) inclusion criteria, and six studies met the second level (methodology and quality) criteria. The analysis suggests that patients define situations worthy of ‘emergency’ ambulance use according to complex socioemotional factors, as well as experienced physical symptoms. There can be a mismatch between how patients and professionals define ‘emergency’ situations. Deciding to call an ambulance is a process shaped by practical considerations and a strong emotional component, which can be influenced by the views of caregivers. Sometimes the value of a contact with the ambulance service is principally in managing this emotional component. Patients often wish to hand over responsibility for decisions when experiencing a perceived emergency. Feeling empowered to take control of a situation is a highly valued aspect of ambulance care. Conclusions When responding to a request for ‘emergency’ help for a low-acuity condition, urgent-care services need to be sensitive to how the patient's emotional and practical perception of the situation may have shaped their decision-making and the influence that carers may have had on the process. There may be novel ways to deliver some of the valued aspects of urgent care, more geared to the resource-limited environment.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                bibiana.metelmann@uni-greifswald.de
                Journal
                Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed
                Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed
                Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                2193-6218
                2193-6226
                20 April 2021
                20 April 2021
                2022
                : 117
                : 2
                : 144-151
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412469.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9116 8976, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, , Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, ; Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Deutschland
                [2 ]GRID grid.412469.c, ISNI 0000 0000 9116 8976, Institut für Bioinformatik, , Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, ; Greifswald, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [Redaktion]

                M. Buerke, Siegen

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-7358
                Article
                820
                10.1007/s00063-021-00820-5
                8897349
                33877425
                4905c199-0ce8-4246-b5cf-441e05848431
                © The Author(s) 2021

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                History
                : 6 January 2021
                : 7 March 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (8976)
                Categories
                Originalien
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                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022

                notarzt,ärztlicher bereitschaftsdienst,notfall,gemeinsames notrufleitsystem,telefonumfrage,prehospital emergency medicine,first aid,emergency,emergency number,telephone survey

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