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      Privacy concerns with COVID-19 tracking apps: a privacy calculus approach

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      Journal of Consumer Marketing
      Emerald

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          The COVID-19 pandemic represents a unique challenge for public health worldwide. In this context, smartphone-based tracking apps play an important role in controlling transmission. However, privacy concerns may compromise the population’s willingness to adopt this mobile health (mHealth) technology. Based on the privacy calculus theory, this study aims to examine what factors drive or hinder adoption and disclosure, considering the moderating role of age and health status.

          Design/methodology/approach

          A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a European country hit by the pandemic that has recently launched a COVID-19 contact-tracing app. Data from 504 potential users was analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling.

          Findings

          Results indicate that perceived benefits and privacy concerns impact adoption and disclosure and confirm the existence of a privacy paradox. However, for young and healthy users, only benefits have a significant effect. Moreover, older people value more personal than societal benefits while for respondents with a chronical disease privacy concerns outweigh personal benefits.

          Originality/value

          The study contributes to consumer privacy research and to the mHealth literature, where privacy issues have been rarely explored, particularly regarding COVID-19 contact-tracing apps. The study re-examines the privacy calculus by incorporating societal benefits and moving from a traditional “self-focus” approach to an “other-focus” perspective. This study further adds to prior research by examining the moderating role of age and health condition, two COVID-19 risk factors. This study thus offers critical insights for governments and health organizations aiming to use these tools to reduce COVID-19 transmission rates.

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          Most cited references47

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          Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error

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            The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing

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              Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Consumer Marketing
                JCM
                Emerald
                0736-3761
                0736-3761
                October 11 2021
                February 07 2023
                October 11 2021
                February 07 2023
                : 40
                : 2
                : 181-192
                Article
                10.1108/JCM-03-2021-4510
                db25078c-96ed-4e75-82f1-cfcc1ba2265b
                © 2023

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